Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Therapeutics > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

First Line

A

thiazide diuretics
ACE
ARBS
CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Second Line Agents

A 
Loop diuretics
potassium-sparing diuretics
androsterone receptor antagonist 
b- blockers
1- blockers
central renin 
direct renin inhibitor 
direct vasodilators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HTN diabetes

A

all first line agents can be used (diuretics, ACEi, ARBS, CCBs)

Patients with albuminuria: Consider ACE or ARBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HTN HFrEF

A

o B-blockers with an approved indication for heart failure: metoprolol succinate, carvedilol, bisoprolol

o ACEI, ARB, diuretics. aldosterone receptor antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HTN CKD

A

Stage 1 or 2: ACE
Stage 3 and 4: ACE

*ARBS in unable to tolerate ACE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HTN SIHD

A

oFirst line: b- blockers, ACEI, ARBs
o Second line with angina: add DHP CCB if needed
o Second line without angina: add DHP CCB, thiazide diuretics, and/or MRAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HTN pregnancy

A

Labetalol
Nifedipine ER
methyldopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Examples of Thiazide drugs

A
  1. Chlorthalidone ( Hydroton)
  2. HCTZ ( hydrodiuril)
  3. Indapamide (lozol)
  4. Metolazone ( zaroxolyn)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thiazide diuretics

A
  • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamide-delivered drugs
  • Drug interactions: Avoid drugs that cause sodium and water retention (NSAIDS)
  • Adverse affects: Hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia (!), hyperuricemia, hypovolemia, hyperglycemia, elevated lipids (LDL, triglycerides)

Not effective if CrCl < 30 mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dihydropyrines

A

Adverse effects: Peripheral edema, headache, dizziness, flushing, potential for reflex tachycardia (short acting agents only)

Pearls: can take up to one week to see full blood pressure lowering effects

do not use nifedipine IR in the setting of acute or chronic hypertension, can lead to profound hypotension, myocardial infarction, and/or death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dihydropyridine drugs examples

A 
Amlodipine(Norvasc)
Nifedipine ER ( Procardia)
Felodipine (plendil)
Iscardipine (Dynacirc)
Nicardipine (Cardene) IV
Nisoldipine (Sular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Non-Dihydropyridines drugs

A 
Diltiazem er ( cardizem)
Verapamin ( Canalan)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Non-Dihydropyridines

A

Contraindications: Hypotension, cardiogenic shock

Drug interactions: CYP3A4

avoid in pt w HFrEF and w b-blockers

AE:
- Diltiazem: edema, headache, constipation, conduction disturbances, bradycardia, heart failure, exacerbation

  • Verapamil: edema, constipation, gingival hyperplasia, headache, conduction disturbances, bradycardia, dizziness, heart failure, exacerbation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

AE of Diltiazem

A

edema, headache, constipation, conduction disturbances, bradycardia, heart failure, exacerbation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

AE of Verapamil:

A

edema, constipation, gingival hyperplasia, headache, conduction disturbances, bradycardia, dizziness, heart failure, exacerbation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ACE inh

A

-pril

Contraindications: Pregnancy, history of angioedema, use within 36 hours of an angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor [ARNI – sacubitril/valsartan]

Adverse effects: Hyperkalemia, acute renal failure (in patients with severe bilateral renal artery stenosis), dry cough, angioedema, hypotension

Discontinue of K ≥ 5.6 mmol/L

17
Q

DIrect renin inh

A

Aliskiren ( Tektuna)

Contraindications Pregnancy, avoid use with ACEI or ARBs in patients with diabetes

Adverse effects: Hyperkalemia, acute renal failure (in patients with severe bilateral renal artery stenosis), diarrhea, hypotension

18
Q

Cardioselective drugs

A 
Atenolol ( tenormin)
Betaxolol (Kerlone)
Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
Metoprolol tartrate  (Lopressor)
Metoprolol succinate ( Toprol XL)
19
Q

Cardioselective and Vasodilatory

A

Nebibolol (Bystolic)

20
Q

Intrinsic Sympathomimetic activity (ISA)

A

Acebutolol (sectral)
Penbutolol
Pindolol (Visken)

21
Q

a and b- receptro blocker

A

Carvedilol (coreg)
Corvedilol CR ( Coreg (CR)
Labetalol (normodyne)
Propranolol ( Inderal)

22
Q

Beta blockers

A
  • Contraindications Severe bradycardia
  • Adverse effects Bradycardia, heart block, worsening heart failure, bronchospasm, cold extremities, fatigue, depression, reduced exercise tolerance, decreased libido, insomnia, impotence

ob-blockers must be tapered upon discontinuation

23
Q

Alpha blockers drugs

A

Doxazosin (Cardura)
Prazosin (Minipress)
Terazosin (Hytrin)

24
Q

Alpha blockers

A
  • Drug Interactions Use with caution when administered with PDE5 inhibitors
  • Adverse effects Syncope, orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness, dizziness, headache
25
Q

Central a2 agonist drugs

A 
Clonidine PO ( Catapres)
Methyldopa (Aldomet)
Guanfacine (Tenex)
26
Q

Central a2 agonist

A

•Contraindications Methyldopa: active liver disease, concurrent use of MAOIs

o a2 agonists must be tapered upon discontinuation
o Last-line due to significant central nervous system effects
o Methyldopa is a drug of choice in pregnancy

27
Q

Loo[ diuretics

A
  • Contraindications Hypersensitivity to sulfa drugs
  • Adverse effects Hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcaemia, hypochloremia, metabolic acidosis, hyperuricemia, ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, orthostatic hypotension

Preffered over thiazide if CrCl < 30 ml/min

28
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics drugs

A

Amiloride (midamor)

Triamteren (Dyrenium)

29
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics

A

• Adverse effects Hyperkalemia, dehydration, hyponatremia, dizziness

o Avoid if CrCl < 45 mL/min

30
Q

Direct vasodilators drugs

A

Hydralazine ( apresoline)

Minoxidil (Loniten)

31
Q

Direct vasodilators

A

Adverse effects:
o Hydralazine: reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema, palpitations, DILE
o Minoxidil: reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema, hirsutism

•Pearls: Minoxidil is associated with sodium/water retention and reflex tachycardia (use with a diuretic and a b-blocker)

32
Q

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists drugs

A

Eplerenone (selective)

Spironolactone (non-selestive)

33
Q

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists:

A

Hyperkalemia, anuria
oEplerenone: contraindicated when CrCl < 50 mL/min or SCr > 2 mg/dL (males) or > 1.8 mg/dl (females)

•Drug Interactions Eplerenone: CYP3A4 substrate

AE:
o Dehydration, hyponatremia, dizziness
o Spironolactone: gynecomastia, breast tenderness, impotence
o Eplerenone: increased triglycerides

Therapeutics (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions