Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology & immunology Yr 2 > Hypersensitivity responses > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity responses Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are all hypersensitivity reactions involved in?

A

Adaptive immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is type 1 hypersensitivity mediated by?

A

IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is type 2 hypersensitivity mediated by?

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type III hypersensitivity is an immune complex-mediated reaction in which an antigen-antibody complex lodges in tissue, activating complement and attracting phagocytes that cause tissue damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

A

T cell mediated reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the process of the adaptive immune response from APC to B cell activation.

A

APC presents antigen to T cell

Activation of T cell, production of cytokines.

T cell help
- Th1/Th2/Th17 (see perio)

Cytotoxicity CD8 T cells

B cell activation - antibody production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the initiating event for an IgE response?

A

Soluble antigen

Triggers IgE response, IgE binds to cell surface of mast cells.

Re-exposure to same antigen, interaction with IgE on mast cells

Degranulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is IgE bound to mast cells?

A

FceR1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some mediators of type 1 allergy?

A

IL-4, IL-13 -Th2 response

IL-3, IL5 - eosinophil synthesis

TNF a

Lipid mediators - leukotrienes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a specific marker of mast cell degranulation?

A

Mast cell tryptase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is mast cell tryptase useful for?

A

Investigation of anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is result of high IV allergen dose?

A

systemic anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is outcome of SC low dose allergen?

A

local wheal & flare - due to histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is type 1 response due to inhalation of allergen?

A

Bronchospasm - asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is type 1 response to ingestion of allergen?

A

diarrhoea and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

five two examples of type 1 hypersensitivity?

A

allergic rhinitis

Anaphylaxis - systemic response to antigen

17
Q

What is the outcome of anaphylaxis?

A

Widespread increase in capillary permeability

Vasodilation

Potentially fatal hypotension

18
Q

What are two types of type II sensitivity?

A

IIa - cytotoxic

IIb - cell stimulating

19
Q

What is type IIa hypersensitivity?

A

IgG antibody interacting with surface antigen

Binding of IgG leads to lysis of target cell due to activation of complement, macrophage binding to the FcR portion of IgG and phagocytosis occuring.

20
Q

Give some examples of type IIa hypersensitivity?

A

Allergic drug reactions

Incompatible blood transfusion

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

21
Q

What is the mechanism of type IIb hypersensitivity?

A

IgG mediated, binds to cell surface receptor involved in cell signalling.
Antigen cell associated.

IgG may be agonist or antagonist.

22
Q

Give some examples of type IIb hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Graves disease, agonist thyroid stimulating immunoglobin.

Myasthenia gravis
- antagonist Anti-AChR antibody.

23
Q

Give an example of type III hypersensitivity reaction

A

Rheumatoid arthritis - inflammation in joints

Immune complex glomerulonephritis

24
Q

What is the mechanism of type III hypersensitivity?

A

Antibody-antigen immune complexes

Deposit in microvasculature

Activate complement

Cause tissue inflammation + attraction of neutrophils

25
Q

What is type IV Th1 hypersensitivity response?

A

Delayed hypersensitivity

Antigen presentation to activated CD4 Th1 cell

Soluble antigen

Th1 cytokine production and release

Macrophage activation

Macrophage rich inflammatory response

26
Q

What is type IV Th2 hypersensitivity response?

A

Chronic allergic inflammation

Antigen presented to sensitised CH4 Th2 cells

Th2 cytokine release IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

  • Eosinophil rich inflammatory response
27
Q

What are some examples of type IV Th2 hypersensitivity?

A

atopic eczema
Chronic allergic rhinitis
Chronic asthma

28
Q

What is Type IV cytotoxic hypersensitivity?

A

Tissue injury by cytotoxic T cells

Antigen presented to sensitised CD8 T cells

Antigen cell associated cytotoxicity.

  • perforin
  • granzyme
29
Q

Give some examples of type IV cytotoxic hypersensitivity?

A

Graft rejection
Some drug reactions
Onset type I diabetes

30
Q

In type III hypersensitivity, what does the activation of complement cause?

A

Inflammation and the attractions of neutrophils

31
Q

Give and example of type IV Th1 hypersensitivity?

A

contact dermatitis

Microbiology & immunology Yr 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions