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MOD Test 2 > Hypersensitivity Reactions > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

hypersensitivity reaction

A

an immune reaction to foreign or self antigens that are excessive and harmful

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2
Q

What mediates type I hypersensitivities?

A

IgE

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3
Q

What mediates type II hypersensitivities?

A

IgG mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivity

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4
Q

What mediates type III hypersensitivities?

A

immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity

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5
Q

What mediates type IV hypersensitivities?

A

cell-mediated hypersensitivities

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6
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is asthma?

A

type I

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7
Q

what type of hypersensitivity are seasonal allergies?

A

type I

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8
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is a food allergy?

A

type I

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9
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is severe allergic reaction? What are components?

A

Type I: uticaria (hives), angioedema, anaphylaxis

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10
Q

what does IL-4 do?

A

class switching to IgE

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11
Q

what does IL-5 do?

A

eosinophil activation

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12
Q

what does IL-13 do?

A

enhanced IgE production

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13
Q

How are mast cells activated in type I hypersensitivities?

A

mast cells bind IgE to their FCεRI receptor

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14
Q

What mediates the immediate hypersensitivity reaction seen with type 1 hypersensitivities?

A

vasoactive amines and lipid mediators

* minutes after repeat exposure to allergen

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15
Q

What mediates the late phase hypersensitivity reaction seen with type 1 hypersensitivities?

A

cytokines

* 2-24 hours after repeat exposure to allergen

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16
Q

what is seen with mast cell activation?

A

1) degranulation leads to histamine release
2) lipid mediators like leukotrienes B4/C4/D4, prostaglandin D2, and platelet activating factor
3) cytokines and chemokines recruit leukocytes in late phase

17
Q

what is the physiologic immediate response in type I hypersensitivities?

A

vasodilation, vascular leakage, smooth muscle spasm

18
Q

what is the physiologic late phase response in type I hypersensitivities?

A

leukocyte infiltration, epithelial damage, bronchospasm

eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils

19
Q

what type of hypersensivity is eosinophilic esophagitis?

A

type 1

20
Q

What is eosinophilic esophagitis?

A
  • late phase type I hypersensitivity
  • dense infiltrate of inflammatory cells
  • food antigen-driven disease of childhood
  • recurrent dysphagia
  • weight loss (can’t swallow effectively, hurts to swallow)
21
Q

Treat type I hypersensitivity allergic reaction

A

block histamine and airway support

22
Q

Steps in skin prick allergy test

A

1) IgE from previous exposure bound to mast cells
2) injected allergen binds to IgE molecules
3) IgE cross-liking activates mast cells
4) vasodilation, increased interendothelial spaces: redness and swelling

23
Q

type II hypersensitivity reaction

A

reactions where antibodies directly react with antigens present on the cell surface or extracellular matrix (autoantibodies or exogenous antigens that are bound to cell surfaces)

24
Q

3 mechanisms type II hypersensitivity reactions

A

1) opsonization and phagocytosis
2) complement and FC receptor-mediated inflammation
3) antibody-mediated cellular dysfunction

25
Q

What type II hypersensitivities use opsonization and phagocytosis?

A

1) autoimmune hemolytic anemia

2) autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura

26
Q

what is target antigen for hemolytic anemia?

A

red cell membrane proteins (Rh blood group antigens, I antigens)

27
Q

what is target antigen for thrombocytopenic pupura?

A

platelet membrane proteins (GpIIb:IIIa integrin)

28
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is rheumatic heart disease?

A

type II

29
Q

Rheumatic heart mechanism

A
  • complement and Fc receptor mediated inflammation
  • streptococcal cell wall Ag; Ab that cross-reacts with myocardium Ag and damage the tissue
  • there is initial reaction to streptococcal antigen that resembles myocardial antigen (molecular mimicry)

*acute and chronic forms

30
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is Goodpasture sydrome?

A

type II

31
Q

target Ag and mechanism of good pasture syndrome

A

target Ag: noncollagenous protein in basement membranes of kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli

Mechanism of disease: complement- and Fc receptor- mediated inflammation

MOD Test 2 (2 decks)

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