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Module 5 > Hypersensitivity Reaction > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Reaction Flashcards

1
Q

Most common type of Adverse Drug Eruption

A

Morbilliform

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2
Q

Ig-E mediated type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type 1. Allergic/Anaphylactic

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3
Q

Cytotoxic type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type 2

Cytotoxic

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4
Q

Immune complexes deposited in small vessels activate complement and recruitment of granulocytes

A

Type 3.

Immune Complex

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5
Q

Cell-mediated type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type 4.

Delayed Type

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6
Q

Examples of Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Urticaria/Angioedema, anaphylactic shock

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7
Q

Examples of Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Petechiae resulting from thrombocytopenic purpura, drug-induced pemphigus

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8
Q

Examples of Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Vasculitis, urticaria, serum sickness

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9
Q

Examples of Type 4 Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Fixed drug eruption, Lichenoid eruptions, SJS, TEN

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10
Q

Morbilliform eruptions restricted to a previously sunburned site

A

UV recall-like reaction

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11
Q

Characteristic features of Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome

A

• Rash developing late (>3 weeks) after the inciting
medication is started; often occurs with the first exposure
to the medication
• Long-lasting symptoms (>2 weeks) after discontinuation
of the causative drug
• Fever (>38°C)
• Multiorgan involvement
• Eosinophilia (>1500 absolute eosinophilia); less common
with dapsone (criteria vary, with some groups citing
counts greater than 1500/μl and others more than
700/μl or above 10% if the leukocyte count is lower than
4000/μl)
• Lymphocyte activation (lymphocytosis, atypical
lymphocytosis, lymphadenopathy)
• Frequent reactivation of HHV-6, HHV-7, EBV, and CMV

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12
Q

7 Drugs implicated in DIHS

A
  1. Anticonvulsants: phenobarbital, lamotrigine, and
    phenytoin
  2. Long-acting sulfonamides: sulfamethoxazole,
    sulfadiazine, and sulfasalazine (but not related
    medications—sulfonylureas, thiazine diuretics,
    furosemide, and acetazolamide)
  3. Allopurinol
  4. Nevirapine
  5. Abacavir
  6. Dapsone
  7. Minocycline
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13
Q

TBSA involved in SJS

A

<10 % TBSA

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14
Q

TBSA involved in TEN

A

> 30% TBSA

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15
Q

Most common sequalae in SJS/TEN

A

Ocular scarring and vision loss

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16
Q

Type of ADR which recurs at the same site with

each exposure to the medication.

A

Fixed Drug Eruption

17
Q

Multiple monomorphic non follicular pustules with associated fever, facial edema, leukocytosis with neutrophilia (90%) and eosinophilia (30%)
+Nikolsky sign

A

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis

18
Q

Drug implicated in red man syndrome

A

Vancomycin

19
Q

Photodistributed bullous drug hypersensitivity reaction clinically
and histologically resembling porphyria cutanea tarda

A

Pseudoporphyria

20
Q

Most frequent cause of pseudoporphyria

A

Naproxen

21
Q

Among the three types of pigmentation seen in Minocycline, what produces a blue-black discoloration in areas of prior inflammation?

A

Type 1- most common

22
Q

Among the three types of pigmentation seen in Minocycline, what produces a blue-black discoloration on normal skin of anterior shins?

A

Type 2

23
Q

Among the three types of pigmentation seen in Minocycline, what produces a generalized muddy brown hyperpigmentation accentuated in sun-exposed areas?

A

Type 3- least common

24
Q

Drug implicated in staining of teeth if given during childhood or fetal exposure

A

Tetracycline

25
Q

Drug implicated in developing gray or gray-green dental hyperpigmentation most marked on mid-portion of tooth

A

Minocycline

26
Q

Drugs- causing blue-black pigmentation

A

Chloroquine
Hydroxycholorquine
Quinacrine

27
Q

Drug which may cause generalized yellow discoloration of skin and sclera

A

Quinacrine

28
Q

Drug which may cause pink discoloration of the skin that gradually becomes reddish blue or brown

A

Clofazimine

29
Q

Drug causing blue or brown hyperpigmentation most frequently observed in nails

A

Zidovudine

30
Q

Drugs causing slate gray hyperpigmentation in sun exposed areas

A

Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine
Imipramine
Clomipramine

31
Q

Heavy metals causing blue-slate gray hyperpigmentation

A

Gold
Silver
Bismuth

32
Q

Most common form of heavy metal-induced pigmentation

A

Silver

33
Q

Development of fever, urticarial rash, and arthralgia 1-3 weeks after intake of drug

A

Serum-sickness like reactions

34
Q

Most common drug implicated in serum-sickness like reaction

A

Cefaclor

Module 5 (1 decks)

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