hypersensitivity & immunity

Question 1

define hypersensitivity

Answer 1

overreaction of the immune system to a substance that is normally harmless to most people

Question 2

what types of hypersensitivity are mediated by antibodies

Answer 2

types I, II & III

Question 3

what causes type IV hypersensitivity?

Answer 3

inappropriate action of T cells

Question 4

type I hypersensitivity is also known as what?

Answer 4

allergy

Question 5

what antibodies mediate hypersensitivity type II

Answer 5

IgG & IgM

Question 6

why is the line between hypersensitivity type 2 and autoimmune blurred

Answer 6

IgG & IgM antibodies bind to exogenous & self antigen

Question 7

why does the measles vaccine prevent against other diseases?

Answer 7

measles wipes out memory cells

Question 8

what are two subtype of adaptive immunity

Answer 8

passive & active

Question 9

what is colostrum

Answer 9

breast milk

Question 9

what antibodies are transferred from the placenta?

Answer 9

IgG

Question 10

what antibodies are transferred from breast milk

Answer 10

IgA

Question 11

what is the difference between attenuated vaccine and a killed whole organism

Answer 11

attenuated - partial live organism

kill whole- whole organism is dead but your body thinks its not so u can produce the right immune response

Question 12

why is an attenuated vaccine more effective than a killed whole organism vaccine?

Answer 12

atenuated vaccine stimulates a natural response

natural whole isnt goood as the vaccine makes ur body fight agaisnt the antigen urself so it doesnt have the antibodies to do so whereas atenuated produces its own antigens so ody can fight for itself in the future

Question 13

what type of vaccine are tetanus & diptheria example of

Answer 13

toxoid vaccine

Question 14

what type of vaccine are HPV & HEP B an example of

Answer 14

subunit vaccines

Question 15

how many HPV vaccines are there

Answer 15

3

Question 15

when would you not give a vaccine to a patient? state 2 temporary reasons & 2 permanent

Answer 15

temporary- illness & pregnancy

permanent- immunocompromised & allergy

Question 16

what percent of people in the western world are estimated to suffer from an autoimmune disease?

Answer 16

5%

Question 17

how many RNA strands do influenza virus have ?

Answer 17

8

Question 18

what method of treatment is used to treat autoimmune disease?

Answer 18

blanket immunosuppression

Question 18

what are the categories of hypersensitivity responses?

Answer 18

type I,II,III,IV (V)

Question 19

which of the hypersensitvity responses are T cell mediated

Answer 19

IV

Question 20

which antibody is type I hypersensitivity response reliant on, and why?

Answer 20

IgE, causes allegeric reactions

Question 21

which antibody are type II and III hypersensitivity response reliant on?

Answer 21

IgG

Question 22

what is the key pathogenic feature of type III hypersensitivity ?

Answer 22

immune complex formation

Question 23

what is myasthenia gravis

Answer 23

autoimmune disease of the NMJ
affects anticholersterase receptors

Question 24

give an example of a condition that is due to a type V hypersensitivity response

Answer 24

myasthenia gravis

Question 25

what type of disease are certain HLA alleles associated with ?

Answer 25

autoimmune disease

Question 26

what is the most important environmental factor when considering occurrence of autoimmune disease?

Answer 26

infection

Question 27

what are the 2 categories of autoimmune disease ?

Answer 27

organ and systemic specific

Question 28

give an example of an organ & systemic autoimmune disease

Answer 28

organ - type 1 diabetes in pancreas

systemic- SLE

Question 29

What cells cause Islet damage & result in type 1 diabetes

Answer 29

CD4+ and T cells (Th1)

Question 30

give 3 examples of conditions which are due to a type IV hypersensitivity response

Answer 30

-rheumatoid arthritis
-multiple sclerosis
-type 1 diabetes