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Year 2 Fundamentals > Hypersensitivity and Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity and Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

  • What is the mechanism of action behind this type of hypersensitivity?
A
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2
Q

In type 1 hypersensitivity, injury is caused by what cells?

A

TH2 cells, mast cells, and IgE antibodies

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3
Q

What are the common features of antigens that elicit a T1H Rxn?

A
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4
Q

With regards to T1HRxns, when a person experiences a repeat exposure following sensitization, what are the phases of response they experience?

A

Immediate (within 1 hour of exposure)

Late (2 - 24 hours post exposure)

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5
Q

What is allergic skin testing?

A
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6
Q

What is systemic anaphylaxis?

A

Immediate hypersensitivty reaction characterized by edema, decrease in BP due to vasodilation and vascular leakage

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7
Q

What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?

A

Epinehprine –> causes vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, increased CO

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8
Q

What are the major outcomes of systemic anaphylaxis?

A

SHOCK

Diarrhea

Hives

Excess broncial mucus (due to bronchoconstriction)

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9
Q

What clinical syndromes are associated with T1H Rxn?

A

Allergic rhinitis

Food allergies

Bronchial asthma

Anaphylaxis

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10
Q

What is atopy? What role does it play in forming allergies?

A
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11
Q

What is the concept of an allergy “vaccine”?

A
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12
Q

What is type 2 hypersensitivity?

A
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13
Q
A
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14
Q

T2H Rxn is caused by antibodies that recognize either normal cell tissue as foreign or exogenous antigens. What 2 principles underlie the reason why this Rxn incorrectly recognizes normal protein as antigen?

A
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15
Q

Rheumatic fever is an example of […] hypersensitivity.

A

Type 2

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16
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of […] hypersensitivity.

A

Type 2

17
Q

In rheumatic fever, the body produces antibodies against […], which then cross react with heart tissue causing the disease.

A

Streptococcal cell wall

18
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity is associated with causing some auto-immune conditions. If the antibodies attack self antigen without causing injury or inflammation, what type of condition is the T2H causing then?

A

Cellular dysfunction - Abs directed against cell surface proteins and impair function w/o causing injury / inflammation

19
Q

Graves’ disease and myasthenia gravis are examples of […] hypersensitivity.

A

Type 2

20
Q

One outcome of a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction is opsonization / phagocytosis. What kind of damage does this cause?

A

Responsible for depletion of cells coated with Abs

21
Q

By what means does a type 2 hypersensitivity rxn cause inflammation and what is the resultant injury to the tissue?

A

Note here that it is the individual ANTIBODIES depositing in tissue and causing inflammation via complement activation (classical) and activating neutrophils

22
Q

What is type 3 hypersensitivity?

What processes is this specific to?

What are the possible outcomes of this reaction?

A
23
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of type 3 hypersensitivity.

A
24
Q

What is type 4 hypersensitivity?

A
25
Q

What is an example of type 4 hypersensitivity that is used in medical screening?

A

PPD tests

26
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms of action of type 4 hypersensitivity?

A
27
Q

What cells mediate the response in type 4 hypersensitivity?

What is a synonym for this type of reaction?

A

T cells

Delayed type hypersensitivity

28
Q

What is the difference between autoimmunity and autoimmune disease?

A
29
Q

What are the 3 criteria that must be met to diagnose an autoimmune disease?

A
30
Q

What are the major underlying contributors to autoimmunity?

A

Failure of self tolerance

Inheritance of susceptibility genes and presence of environmental triggers (infection or tissue injury)

31
Q

What is tolerance?

What is central tolerance?

What is peripheral tolerance?

A
32
Q
A

Year 2 Fundamentals (11 decks)

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