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Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

TLR 4 recognizes

A

LPS (gram - bacteria)

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2
Q

TLR 5 recognizes

A

flagellin

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3
Q

What TLR’s are found on dendritic cell surface and what type of infection do they recognize?

A

Bacterial recognition TLR 4 and TLR 5

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4
Q

TLR 9 recognizes

A

dsRNA

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5
Q

TLR 3 recognizes

A

unmethylated CpG

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6
Q

What TLR’s are found in dendritic cell endosomes and what infection type do they recognize?

A

Viral recognition TLR 3 and TLR 9

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7
Q

Describe dendritic cell bacterial recognition process

A

Recognizes DAMP or PAMP, engulfs cell, breaks down, presents protein fragments on MHCII, recognized by CD4+ Tcells in tissue or after travel to lymph node

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8
Q

What does a Th0 that recognizes an MHCII peptide fragment secrete?

A

IL-2

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9
Q

IL-2 cytokine

A

pro-proliferative

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10
Q

DC produces IL-12–>Th0 differentiates to:

A

Th1

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11
Q

Th1 secretes

A

IFN-gamma, TNF-beta, IL-2

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12
Q

IFN-gamma cytokine

A

pro-inflammatory, activate macrophages/other immune cells, continues to drive more Th0 –> Th1 differentiation, blocks Th2 formation

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13
Q

TNF-beta cytokine

A

pro-inflammtory, activate macrophages/other immune cells (with IFN-gamma)

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14
Q

What cytokine blocks Th2 formation?

A

IFN gamma

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15
Q

DC produces IL-4–>Th0 differentiates to:

A

Th2

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16
Q

Th2 secretes

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13

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17
Q

IL-4 cytokine

A

Activates eosinophils/mast cells, forces class switch recomb to IgG on B cells; Drives Th2 differentiation and blocks Th1.

18
Q

IL-5 cytokine

A

Activates eosinophils/mast cells, forces class switch recomb to IgG on B cells (with IL-4)

19
Q

Which cytokine blocks Th1 formation?

20
Q

IgE antibodies

A

work with eosinophils and mast cells to degranulate when it recognizes patthogens; allergic rxn component

21
Q

What DC cytokine drives Th0–>Th1?

22
Q

What DC cytokine drives Th0–>Th2

23
Q

Basophils are associated with which cytokine?

24
Q

What Ab is associated with immediate (type 1) hypersensitvity?

A

IgE Ab produced against common foreign proteins (dust, pollen, animal danders)

25
Describe IgE interaction with mast cells in Immediate Hypersensitivity:
Mast cell binds constant domain with its Fce receptor, variant domains free to environment, 2 IgE Abs bind allergen and cross-link to lead to mast cell degranulation via normal physiologic mechanism
26
Immediate (type 1) hypersensitivity identifying features:
wheal and flare response to skin tests
27
What Ab is associated with Antibody-Mediate (type II) hypersensitivity?
IgM or IgG produced against body cell surface antigens.
28
Describe Ab interaction in Type II hypersensitivity:
IgM/IgG trigger rxn by activating complement (autoimmune hemolytic anemia) OR facilitate binding of NK cells to body cells
29
Antibody-mediated (type II hypersensitivity)
Autoimmune disorder with inappropriate Ab recognition of body's own cells
30
What bacterial infection uses a similar mechanism to Type II hypersensitivity?
Streptococcus pyogenes infection (cross-reactive rxn leading to complement-mediated lysis of body cells)
31
Immune complex (type III) hypersensitivity
Overabundance of immune complexes in circulation not cleared by macrophages
32
How does type III hypersensitivity lead to destruction in the body?
Excess of immune complexes start to stick to blood vessel walls, leading to complement activation and damage of blood vessels
33
List some disease of immune complex (type III) hypersensitivity:
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), chronic glomerulonephritis, serum sickness
34
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction to haptens (metal or poison ivy) stimulate the production of which cell types?
Th1 and Th17 (secrete excess of cytokines, cause inflammation and a response that is not directed)
35
What immune cell is production of IgE dependent on during inhalant allergen rxns?
Th2 cells (Th1 inhibit IgE production, don't generate immediate hypersensitivity)
36
Th2 cells cause what type of hypersensitivity?
Type I (immediate hypersensitivity)--stimulate IgE production
37
Th1 cells cause which type of hypersensitivity?
Type IV (along with Th17)
38
Delayed-type hypersensitivity is what type?
Type IV
39
Contact hypersensitivity
occurs at site of contact with allergen (ex: poison ivy); sensitization stage (1st exposure) and elicitation stage (2nd exposure to Ag)
40
Tuberculin-type hypersensitivity
Induced by CD4 Tcell response to soluble Ags from a variety of organisms
41
Granulomatous hypersensitivity
Chronic Th1/Th17 activation, differentiation of macs into epitheliod cells, fusion to form giant cells (granulomas) driven by TNF
42
Granulomatous hypersensitivity chronic diseases
TB, leprosy, schistosomiasis, sarcoidosis, Chron's disease

Skin MS (2 decks)

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