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Thing > Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypersensitivity?

A

It is when molecules of the immune system work together to eliminate antigens by different mechanisms

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2
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions may be due to either a humoral or cell mediated immune response, categorised into what?

A

Immediate hypersensitivity and delayed hypersensitivity

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3
Q

What initiates immediate hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Antibody or antigen antibody complexes

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4
Q

How long does it take for symptoms to occur in immediate hypersensitivity reaction

A

minutes/Hours

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5
Q

How long does it take for delayed hypersensitivity symptoms to show

A

days after exposure

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6
Q

What does hypersensitivity reactions differ in

A

The immune response and the effector molecules generated in the reaction

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7
Q

What antibodies are apart of hypersensitivity reactions

A

IgE, IgG and IgM

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8
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity are due to what cell mediated immune reactions

A

TH and TC

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9
Q

What is an allergen

A

A type of antigen that induces a humoral response

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10
Q

What do IgE antibodies with high affinity bind to?

A

Fc receptors on the surface of mast cells/blood basophils

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11
Q

What is involved in type 1 reactions

A

IgE

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12
Q

Someone who recieves an allergy genetically is called what?

A

Atopic

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13
Q

What do atopic individuals allow

A

They allow non parasitic antigens to stimulate inappropriate IgE production.

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14
Q

When are the symptoms of type I reactions released

A

During mast cell/basophil degranulation

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15
Q

Where do mast cells and basophils act on?

A

They act on local tissues along with secondary effector cells

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16
Q

Name a primary effect

A

Histamine

17
Q

Name a secondary effect

A

Leukotriens

18
Q

What happens when histamine is released from mast cells

A

Histamine binds to specific receptors on target cells

19
Q

when are Leukotriens formed?

A

They are formed when mast cells are degranulated and phospholipids are broken down

20
Q

How long are the effects of leukotrienes

A

longer and more pronounced than histamine

21
Q

What are the steps of the contraction of the human bronchial?

A

its initially mediated by histamine and then mediated by the leukotrienes and prostaglandins

22
Q

What are cytokines released from?

A

mast cells and eosinophils

23
Q

What is systematic type I reactions

A

Systematic anaphylaxis, a shock like and often fatal state

24
Q

What are some triggers of systematic anaphylaxis?

A

Venom from bees, seafood and nuts

25
Q

What is localised type I reactions

A

A reaction limited to the target tissue/ organ

26
Q

What is atopy typically associated with?

A

a heightened immune response to common allergens like food

Thing (6 decks)

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