Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine > Hyperparathyroidism > Flashcards

Hyperparathyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

Define Primary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Increased secretion of PTH unrelated to the plasma calcium concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Secondary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Increased secretion of PTH secondary to hypocalcaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Autonomous PTH secretion following chronic secondary hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the aetiology of Primary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Parathyroid Adenoma
Parathyroid Hyperplasia
Parathyroid Carcinoma
MEN Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the aetiology of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Chronic renal failure

Vitamin D deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the epidemiology of Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Primary - incidence of 5/100,000
Twice as common in FEMALES
Peak incidence: 40-60 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Primary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Many patients have mild hypercalcaemia and may be asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the symptoms/signs of Hypercalcaemia?

A 
Polyuria 
Polydipsia 
Renal Calculi 
Bone pain
Abdominal Pain
Nausea 
Constipation
Psychological Depression
Lethargy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the presenting symptoms and signs of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

May present with signs/symptoms of hypocalcaemia or of the underlying cause (e.g. renal failure, VIT D deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What general investigations would you do for Hyperparathyroidism?

A 
U&Es
Serum calcium 
Serum Phosphate 
Albumin
ALP
Vit D 
PTH 
Renal US
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What would you see on a serum calcium for the different Hyperparathyroidisms?

A

high in primary and tertiary, low/normal in secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would you see on the Serum Phosphate for the different Hyperparathyroidisms?

A

Low in primary and tertiary, high in secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What investigations would you do specifically for Primary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Hypercholoraemic Acidosis
Normal Anion gap
Due to PTH inhibition of renal reabsorption of bicarbonate
Urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why do we do Urine tests for Primary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

High PTH in the presence of high calcium can also be caused by familial hypocalcuric hypercalcaemia (FHH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can we use to differentiate between primary Hyperparathyroidism and FHH?

A

Calcium: creatinine clearance ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can we use Renal US for Hyperparathyroidism invesigation?

A

Can visualise renal calculi

17
Q

What is the management plan for Acute Hypercalcaemia?

A

IV fluids
Avoid factors that exacerbate hypercalcaemia (e.g. thiazide diuretics)
Maintain adequate hydration
Moderate calcium and Vit D intake

18
Q

What is the surgical management of Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Subtotal parathyroidectomy

Total Parathyroidectomy

19
Q

What is the Secondary Hyperparathyroidism management?

A

Treat underlying cause (e.g. renal failure)

Calcium and Vit D supplements may be needed

20
Q

What are the complications for Primary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Increased bone resorption
Increased tubular calcium reabsorption
Increased 1a-hydroxylation of Vit D
All of these lead to hypercalcaemia

21
Q

What are the complications of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Increased stimulation of osteroclasts and increased bone turnover
This leads to osteitis fibrosa cystica

22
Q

What are the complications of surgery in the treatment in Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Hypocalcaemia

Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy

23
Q

What is the prognosis for patients with primary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Surgery is curative for benign disease in most cases

24
Q

What is the prognosis for secondary and tertiary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Same as chronic renal failure

Endocrine (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions