Hypernatremia Flashcards

1
Q

Normal range of sodium

A

135-145 mEq/L

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2
Q

What is considered hypernatremic

A

> 145 mEq/L

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3
Q

What is hypernatremia on a cellular level

A

Large amount of sodium congregated outside the cell
Osmosis -> sodium wanted to follow and be outside
Cell shrinks

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4
Q

What does sodium do in the body

A

Helps regulate water intracellular and extracellular

Water wants to go where sodium goes

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5
Q

Causes of hypernatremia

A

“HIGH SALT”
Hypercortisolism (Cushing’s syndrome + hyperventilation)
Increased Na+ intake (oral or IV routes)
GI feeding without adequate H2O supplement
Hypertonic solutions (ex. 3% saline)
Sodium excretion decreased (ex. Corticosteroids)
Aldosterone problems (increased reabsorption of sodium)
Loss of fluids (dehydrated, fever, sweating)
Thirst impairment (often in elderly)

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6
Q

S&S of hypernatremia

A
“No FRIED foods for you”
Fever, flushed skin
Restless, really agitated
Increased fluid retention
Edema, extremely confused
Decreased urine output, dry mouth/skin
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7
Q

Interventions for hypernatremia

A
  • restrict Na+ intake
  • make sure pt is safe (confused + agitated)
  • MD may order an isotonic or hypotonic IV solution (0.45% NS)
  • educate about diet and S&S of increased Na+ level
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8
Q

What should be considered when giving 0.45% NS

A
  • give slowly
  • if given too fast, cell can expand too fast
  • can lead to cerebral edema
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9
Q

Foods to avoid in a sodium restricted diet

A
Bacon
Butter
Canned foods
Cheese
Hot dogs
Lunch meats
Processed foods
Table salt
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