Hypernatraemia Flashcards
1
Q
What is hypernatraemia?
A
Serum Na > 145mmol/L
2
Q
What are the three types of hypernatraemia?
A
- hypovolaemic hypernatraemia (most common)
- hypervolemic hypernatraemia
- euvolaemic hypernatraemia
3
Q
What are the causes of hypovolaemic hypernatraemia?
*think non renal and renal causes
A
- Non renal (urine Na < 10)
- Sweating
- D&V
- unable to drink - old people
- Renal (urine NA > 20)
- osmotic diuresis - mannitol
4
Q
What are the causes of hypervolaemic hypernatraemia?
A
- Na retention in IVF
- Cushing’s syndrome
- Primary aldosteronism
5
Q
What are the causes of euvolaemic hypernatraemia?
A
- Diabetes insipidus
6
Q
What are the Sx of hypernatraemia?
A
- Lethargy
- Thirst
- Weakness
- Irritability
- Confusion
- Coma
- Fits
7
Q
How would you Mx hypovolaemic hypernatraemia?
A
- Normal saline
- Although Na elevated, but pt is volume deficient. So need to correct volume loss first
- its a hypotonic fluid in a hypertonic patient
8
Q
How would you Mx hypervolaemic hypernatraemia?
A
- Diuretics
- Free water / glucose 5% IV slowly 1L/6h
9
Q
How would you Mx euvolaemic hypernatraemia?
A
- Free water
10
Q
A
