Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis Flashcards
“وقالوا الحمدلله الذي هدانا لهذا وما كنا لنهتدي لولا أن هدانا الله لقد جاءت رسل ربنا بالحق ونودوا أن تلكم الجنة أورثتموها بما كنتم تعملون”
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Hyperlipidemia mean ?
it is raised or abnormal level of Lipids or lipoproteins in the blood related to CVS diseases
divided into
1ry hyperliporoteinemia
2ry hyper ;;;;;;
Primary hyperlipidemia
origin types and how it can be assessed ?
It is single gene or polygenic affection
5 types most common 2a 2b 4
They are diagnosed by alterations of the TAG and Cholesterol Concentration after 10-12 of fasting !
decrease in lipoprotein lipase leads to ? and is there any other factor ?
Hyperlipoproteinemia type 1
the Precursor of LL is apolipoprotein CII
discuss the relation between chylomicrons and hyperlipoproteniemia type 1
there is excessive chylomicronemia > 1000mg/dl
the inflammation compantion to the Hyperlipoproteniemia 1?
The acute pancreatitis leading to acute abdomen
what about TAG In fasting in hyperlipoprotenemia ?
There is high fasting triacelyglycerolemia
what appear on taking blood sample of hyperlipoprotemia 1 patient ?
The plasma appear creamy white
what is the relaiton between coronary diesases and the hyperlipoproteniima 1?
there is no increase in cholesterol and no high risk of coronary heat disease
The most common form of hyperlipoproteniemia is ?
type 2
hyperlipoproteniema type 2
most common divided into 2a 2b
and it may be familial polygenic or sporadic as well as diatry factors
depends on TAG elevation and LDL cholesterol
hyperlipoproteniemia type 2 depends on ?>
TAG elevation and LDL cholesterol
The origin of hyperlipoproteinemia type 2 a
familial hypercholestrolemia ?
due to mutation in the gene expressing the LDL receptor or APO B gene
resulting in elevated plasma cholesterol level due to increased LDL-Cholesterol
risks of hyperlipoproteniemia 2a type mention them ,
risks of familial hypercholestrolemia
Premature atherosclerosis
and Ischemic Heart diseases
Hand and ankle (Tendon Xanthomas )
(Tendon Xanthomas ) appear in ?
Hyperlipoproteinemia type 2 in hands and ankles
Familial hypercholetsrolemia
classify LDL receptor mutations in hyperrlipoproteniemia type 2 ,a
1-NO receptors
2-no binding with LDL
3-Not internalized in calrinitine coated pit
4-no releases of LDL if internalized and cannot be recycled
hyperlipoproteinemia type 2b
secondary combined hyperlipidemia :
increased TAG and cholesterol due to less binding of LDL to its receptor
increased LDL and IDL over production : increase in TAG INCREASE IN Acetyl CoA increase in B-100 synthesis Metabolic syndrome occur
Metabolic syndrome
mean ?
a group of risk factors increasing the risk for Heart disease Diabetes Stroke وقد حدث !
فكيف إذا جئنا من كل أمة بشهيد وجئنا بك علي هؤلاء شهيدا يومئذ يود الذين كفروا وعصوا الرسول لو تسوي بهم الأرض ولا يكتمون الله حديثا …!!!!!!!
Risk Factors for Metabolic syndrome mention
You may have 1 but there should be 3 at least to be diagnosed as Metabolic syndrome :
Abdominal obesity apple shape Low HDL High TAG High blood pressure High fasting blood sugar DM II , insulin resistance
type 3 hypelipoproteniemia known as ?
Broad beta disease
dysbetalipoproteinemia
remainant hyperlipidemia
Dysbetalipoproteniemia casuses?
this is due to mutation in APO E genotype
Causing no binding of chylomicrons and IDL and their accumulation in plasma so increased cholesterol and TAG in plasma
hyperlipoproteniemia type IV Explain !
This is hypertriglycreidemia this is due to
Obesity INCREASD FAT AND CHO INTAKE > INCREASEING VLDL SYNTHESIS
DM II
HIGH TAG HIGH HIGH HIGH
Hyperlipoproteinemia type V explain
Similart to type 1 , and this is due to increased VLDL and Chylomicrons
associated with glucose intolerance thus Decreasing work of lipoprotein lipase and
increasing TAG
INCREASING VLDL INCREASING LDL
ولو أنهم فعلوا ما يوعظون به لكان خيرا لهم وأشد تثبيتا وإذا لآتيناهم من لدنا أجرا عظيما ولهديناهم صراطا مستقيما !
Familial liporotein a casue ? why?
risk for Premature coronary heart disease
due to ( atherosclerosis + thrombosis )
thrombosis due to inhibition of fibrinolysis !
Tangier diseases explain :
This is due to rare genetic diseases due to problems in HDL and apo A-1
HDL apo A-1 responsible for prevention of cholesterol ester depostition in organs
so the depositon leads to ?
Oragne tonsils
Heaptosplenomegaly
CAD coronary arterty disease
