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HYPERkinetic Dysarthria > Hyperkinetic Dysarthria > Flashcards

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary characteristic of Hyperkinetic Dysarthria?

A

Rapid or Slow INVOLUNTARY Movements

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2
Q

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria results from a pyramidal lesion?T or F

A

False. Its from an EXTRAPYRAMIDAL lesion (Basal ganglia circuit

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3
Q

Hyperkinetic dysarthria affects what part of speech?

A

Prosody

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4
Q

Which dysarthrias do NOT result in movements that dont Belong ?

a. Hypokinetic
b. Ataxic
c. spastic
d. MIXED
e. All of the above

A

E. ALL OF THE ABOVE.

ONLY Hyperkinetic results in movements that DO NOT belong.

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5
Q

Abnormal movements are present at all times in a patient with hyperkinetic dysarthria

A

False. It may ONLY me present during SPEECH

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6
Q

What are the causes of abnormal movement during hyperkinetic dysarthria?

a. Imbalance between excitatory & inhibitory neurotransmitters
b. Failure to inhibit cortical motor discharges
c. Firing from the thalamus that isn’t inhibited causing these movements.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above.

A

d. ALL OF THE ABOVE.

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7
Q

ACH is an inhibitory neurotransmitter?T or F

A

False. It is excitatory

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8
Q

Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter?T or F

A

True.

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9
Q

What are the etiologies most common of hyperkinetic dysarthria?

a. Toxic-metabolic
b. Idiopathic
c. vascular
d. (A) and (B)
e. (B) and (C)

A

D. toxic-metabolic & idiopathic

Most are unknown etiologies but these two are the most common.

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10
Q

Dyskinesia is a term that is given to voluntary movements in the body. T or F

A

False. It is abnorma. hyperkinetic, INVOLUNTARY movements.

  • it can occur in various parts of body
  • called: OROFACIAL DYSKINESIA if occurs in mouth, tongue and jaw.
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11
Q

Tardive Dyskinesia results from vascular problems. T or F

A

False. from Antipsychotic drugs.

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12
Q

Akathisia is motor restlessness. T or F

A

True

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13
Q

Myoclonus is a continous voluntary movement that results from hyperkinetic dysarthria.T or F

A

False. it is a single, brief movement of a body part.

  • Can be rhythmic or not.
  • Can be spontaneous or brought from other voluntary movements.
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14
Q

Hiccups are usually a type of myoclonus.T or F

A

True. spasm of the diaphragm and addution of vocal folds.

*Sign of involvement of the MEDULLA.

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15
Q

TICS are a category of hyperkinetic dysarthria.T or F

A

True

Complex tics can be jumping up, lip smacking.

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16
Q

Verbal Tics are usually inappropriate.T or F

17
Q

Athetosis is a type of Cerebral palsy. T or F

A

True. It is the inability to keep body part in one position.

18
Q 
What are some characteristics of Chorea?
a. Random purposeless movements
b. Subtle or severe
C. Huntington's is one type
d. nonrhythmic & random
e. all of the above
A

e. all of the above.

19
Q

Ballism are small muscle contractions with slow contractions of muscle limbs

A

False.

  • Abrupt contractions of muscle limbs
  • Large muscle contractions
20
Q

Dystonia is a slow hyperkinesis due to problems with antagonistic muscles.

21
Q

Focal mouth dystonia is a type of dystonia in the limbs.

A

False.

IT is a type of dystonia but it happens in orofacial muscles (same as orofacial dyskineisa)

EXAMPLE: a cramp when you write a lot.

22
Q

Spasm is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions. t or f

A

True.

There are 2 types:
Tonic: continuous
cLONIC: Repetitive

spasms is also use to describe dystonia abnormal postures.

23
Q

Tremor is the most common of involuntary movements associated with hyperkinetic dysarthria

A

True.

4 types:

  1. resting tremor: muscle is at rest
  2. action tremor
  3. toxic tremor: due to drugs
  4. cerebellar thremor: damage in cerebellum
24
Q

What are some disorders in which we see Hyperkinetic disarthria?

A
  1. Degenerative-:Huntington’s chorea(damage in basal ganglia)
  2. Toxic-Metabolic:Shizophrenia (Drug related)
  3. Vascular: strokes (stroke in basal ganglia or cerebellum).
  4. Infectious Processes:sydenham’s chorea (inflamation like strep throat)
  5. Neoplasms: Tumors (in basal ganglia)
  6. Tourette’s: Problems with dopamine receptors.
25
Q

Describe what CHOREA is and what are some non-speech and Speech symptoms related to the disorder.

A

Chorea is a disease that results in hyperkinetic dysarthria. Non-speech signs are:
1. normal oral facial features
2. motor unsteadiness
speech signs:
1. resonance: intermittent hypernasality which results in poor intraoral pressure and poor production of plosives.
2. prosody: innnapropriate silences
3. Phonation: excess loudness variations.

*there are more but i just put a few

26
Q

Describe what DYSTONIA is and what are some non-speech and Speech symptoms related to the disorder.

A

Dystonia is a disease that results in hyperkinetic dysarthria. Is slow hyperkinesis. Nonspeech signs are:

  1. drooling
  2. facial grimmacing

speech:

  1. palatopharyngeal myoclonus: abrupt movements of soft palate, pharyngeal walls & muscles.
  2. Spasmodic Torticollis: Cervical neck muscles affected.pitch variability.
  3. articulation slow and irregular AMR’s
    * there are more but i just put a few
27
Q

What are some speech characteristics involved with Dystonia?

A
  1. action myoclonus
  2. tourette’s syndrome
  3. organic voice tremor
  4. spasmodic dysphonia
28
Q

What are some characteristics of Tourette’s syndrome?

A
  1. vocal tics: odd noises such as grunting, yelling
  2. Eyeblinking, twitches in head
  3. Genetically related
  4. facial grimaces
29
Q

is action myoclonus seen by SLP’s?

HYPERkinetic Dysarthria (1 decks)

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