Hyperkalaemia Flashcards
1
Q
What are the common causes of hyperkalaemia?
A
- Renal failure
- K+-sparing diuretics
- Addison’s disease
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Metabolic acidosis
- Drugs:
- ACEi
- NSAIDs
- Beta blockers
2
Q
What ECG changes are seen in hyperkalaemia?
A
- Small P waves
- Tall tented T waves
- Wide QRS
- VF (!)
3
Q
What is the management of hyperkalaemia?
A
If mild simply decrease intake of K+
If >6.5 or ECG changes = Medical emergency:
- Calcium gluconate (10ml of 10%) IV over 2 mins
- Repeat gluconate as necessary
- Insulin and glucose IV
- Nebulised salbutamol
- Calcium resonium
4
Q
What is the mechanism of action of calcium resonium in the management of hyperkalaemia?
A
Binds to K+ in the guy, preventing absorption
5
Q
What is the mechanism of action of calcium glauconite in the management of hyperkalaemia?
A
Stabilizes cardiac myocytes, decreases excitability
