Hypercalcemia in Small Animals (Parker) Flashcards
List the differential diagnosis for Hypercalcemia in Dogs & cats:
Hyperparathyroidism (primary)
Addison’s disease
Renal disease (acute or chronic kidney disease)*
vitamin D toxicity
Idiopathic (Cats > Dogs)
Osteolysis
Neoplasia or Nutritional
Spurious or Systemic granulomatous disease (fungal infection)
(HARDIONS)
* not a great differential
What are some differential diagnoses for PU/PD?
- Kidney disease
- Endocrinopathies
- Diabetes insipidus
- Psychogenic/primary polydipsia
(T/F) The body likes to keep calcium tightly regulated
True
Which diseases are the most common causes of hypercalcemia in dogs?
- Neoplasia
- Renal diseas
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Addison’s disease
Which diseases are the most common causes of hypercalcemia in cats?
- Neoplasia
- Renal disease
- Urolithiasis
Urine specific gravity may reflect PU/PD with a USG of_______________
< 1.020
Diagnosis:
Hypercalcemia + increased PTH = ______________________
primary hyperparathyroidism
(T/F) In a normal animal, if ionized calcium is high, PTH should be low
True
- Excessive synthesis & secretion of PTH
- Usually single adenoma
- may be carcinoma - Middle-aged to older dogs
- average age about 10 years old - Keeshonds predisposed
What is this describing?
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
(T/F) Primary Hyperparathyroidism may be detected incidentally
True
(T/F) You can easily feel/palpate a parathyroid tumor
False
Why are hypercalcemic animals PU/PD?
- Calcium interferes with antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI)
Calcitriol is the active form of _______________
vitamin D
- Typically young-to-middle aged cats
- Mild to moderate hypercalcemia
- Total & ionized calcium - Hypercalcemia may be detected incidentally
What is this describing?
Idiopathic hypercalcemia (IHC)
How can you treat IHC with dietary modification?
- Huge variability in dietary calcium & calcium: phosphorus ratio
- +/- Consider dietary vitamin D3 (ie, cholecalciferol)
