Hypercalaemia

Question 1

Causes

Answer 1

1. Bone malignancy releasing calcium

2. Parathyroid hormone releasing peptide (PHTrP) - releasing tumours

Question 2

Symptoms

Answer 2

1. Loss of appetite.
2. Nausea and vomiting.
3. Constipation and abdominal pain.
4. Increased thirst and frequent urination.
5. Fatigue, weakness, and muscle pain.
6. Confusion, disorientation, and difficulty thinking.
7. Headaches.
8. Depression.

Question 3

Treatment

Answer 3

1. Fluids until rehydrated

2. Bisphosponates

Question 4

Blood tests

Answer 4

Increased Ca

Normal K/Na/Cl etc