Hygiene - Food Contamination and Food-Borne Illnesses Flashcards
Signs of damaged, deteriorated, spoiled or out-of-date food
Bruised fruit and vegetables
Rancid smell/scent
Discolouration
Mould
A Change in texture
Meaning of contaminant
A physical, microbiological or chemical substance that renders food unsuitable for consumption
Meaning of contamination
The exposure of a food to a physical, microbiological or chemical substance
Meaning of cross-contamination
The transference of bacteria from person to food, environment to food or food to food, which may result in food-borne illnesses.
Meaning of potentially hazardous food
Any food item that is highly susceptible to the growth of microorganisms that may lead to food-borne illnesses.
Common food allergies
Commonly include shellfish, eggs, fish, peanuts or tree nuts, soy beans and sesame seeds
Common symptoms of food allergies
Hives, Itching, nausea, vomiting, wheezing
Emergency response to allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis
Stay with the person, call for help, give medications if prescribed, locate adrenaline auto-injector and call 000
Important consideration in the selection of foods to be handled and consumed
Ensure that any common food allergies are handled with care to avoid cross- contamination
Causes of food-borne illness
occurs when a person ingests food contaminated with high levels of harmful bacteria and toxins. The causes of food poisoning include bacteria, bacterial toxins, viral contamination of food, cross-contamination and incorrect storage and handling of food. Ingesting naturally poisonous food can also cause food poisoning.
Bacterial contaminants
Campylobacter
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Listeria
Salmonella
Toxin contaminants
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Staphylococcus aureus
Viral contaminants
Hepatitis A
Rotavirus
Campylobacter cause and symptoms
Found in soil, water and the intestines of poultry. Foods include poultry and unpasteurised dairy products. Symptoms Include vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, cramping and fever.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) cause and symptoms
Found in the intestines of humans and animals. Foods include undercooked meat, unwashed vegetables and unpasteurised dairy products. Symptoms include severe diarrhoea with blood, severe abdominal pain and vomiting.
Listeria cause and symptoms
Found in soil, vegetables, sewage, water and animals. Foods include unpasteurised dairy products, unwashed raw vegetables, smoked fish and raw meat. Symptoms include fever, muscle aches, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Salmonella cause and symptoms
Found in insects and rodents and in the intestines of animals. Foods include raw meat/poultry, oysters growing in contaminated water, non-acidic food, offal and products containing eggs and gravy. Symptoms Include vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea, stomach cramps and fever.
Bacillus cereus cause and symptoms
Found in soil, vegetables and unpasteurised milk. Foods include cooked rice, pasta, pudding and dry products. Symptoms Include diarrhoea, cramps and nausea.
Clostridium botulinum cause and symptoms
Found in soil, water, vegetables and animals. Foods include poorly processed or contaminated canned food, damaged cans, non-acidic canned food, smoked/salted fish and small goods. Symptoms include dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing or talking, double vision, weakness and breathing difficulties.
Clostridium perfringens cause and symptoms
Found in raw meat/poultry, manure, soil and intestines of animals, birds and humans. Foods include larger cuts of meat, stews, curries, meat sauce and non-acidic foods. Symptoms Include diarrhoea, cramps and fever.
Staphylococcus aureus cause and symptoms
Found in animals, dust and humans. Foods include meat, small goods, dairy products, custard, creamy pastries and salads. Symptoms Include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, severe abdominal cramps, loss of appetite and mild fever.
Hepatitis A cause and symptoms
Found in infected food handlers, sewage contaminated water and food that has been sourced from sewage contaminated water such as oysters. Foods include raw or food that has not been cooked sufficiently. Symptoms include diarrhoea, dark urine, jaundice, fever, headache, nausea, abdominal pain and loss of appetite.
Rotavirus cause and symptoms
Found in vomit or faeces of an infected person. Foods include salads, raw fruits and vegetables and other foods that haven’t been cooked. Symptoms Include nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhoea and fever
and the associated food-borne illness(es), its symptoms and examples of high-risk foods
