Hygiene 1 PQs Flashcards
Effect of zearalonone in female pigs at low toxin concentration
a. Does not affect ovarian function
b. A polycystic ovarian lesions develops
c. A persistent corpus luteum forms
d. Normal ovarian function but in the endometrium necrosis, degeneration, hyperplasia develops in the vaginal epithelial cells. A functional asynchronous develops
d. Normal ovarian function but in the endometrium necrosis, degeneration, hyperplasia develops in the vaginal epithelial cells. A functional asynchronous develops
Effect of zearalonone in female pigs at high toxin concentration
a. Most of the oocytes die, follicular teat cysts are formed, pronounced oestrus symptoms are observed, the length of the cycle is irregular
b. Persistent corpus luteum and endometrial hypertrophy develop
c. Ovarian necrosis develops
d. uterine muscles atrophy
a. Most of the oocytes die, follicular teat cysts are formed, pronounced oestrus symptoms are observed, the length of the cycle is irregular
Effects of zearalonone on pigs
a. Oestrogen mimetic
b. Spasmolytic
c. Uterotonic
d. Immunostimulant
a. Oestrogen mimetic
What affects the effect of zearalonone in farm animals?
a. Susceptibility of animal species
b. Duration of the toxin effect and age of animal
c. Amount of toxin taken up by the animal
d. Susceptibility of the species, amount of toxin intake, duration of toxin exposure and the age of the animal
d. Susceptibility of the species, amount of toxin intake, duration of toxin exposure and the age of the animal
Heat stress
a. When the animal’s internal body temperature exceeds the reference value for the species
b. When the ambient temperatures exceeds the TNZ
c. When the animal can’t get rid of excess heat
d. When the animal pants
b. When the ambient temperatures exceeds the TNZ
What is the current upper limit of THI in dairy cows?
a. THI 78
b. THI 68
c. THI 72
d. THI 82
b. THI 68
Why is the THI’s current limit lower for modern, high production cows than in previous
decades?
a. Today the breeding of cows has resulted in much higher production than it was a few decades ago. This is accompanied by a much more intensive metabolism which has resulted in significantly higher internal heat production, which means that the animals suffer from thermal temperatures even at lower ambient temperatures i.e. they have lower heat tolerance
b. It can be explained by global warming: as the weather gets warmer, animals suffer more from heat
c. A much more precise measurement of THI’s components is possible than previously so the limit has been revised
d. THI is more accurate in this way, better predicting the expected loss of production
a. Today the breeding of cows has resulted in much higher production than it was a few decades ago. This is accompanied by a much more intensive metabolism which has resulted in significantly higher internal heat production, which means that the animals suffer from thermal temperatures even at lower ambient temperatures i.e. they have lower heat tolerance
Determination of mycotoxins
a. Mycotoxins are metabolic products of hat mushrooms
b. They are metabolic products of moulds
c. They are secondary metabolites of microscopic fungi
d. They are metabolic products of spore-producing microbes
c. They are secondary metabolites of microscopic fungi
How should you organise quarantine?
a. The tools can be used anywhere on the farm but after the quarantine animals are visited they must be washed with water
b. The quarantine area must be marked
c. The new animals must be separated from the rest of the herd
d. The quarantine lasts a minimum of 2-3 days
c. The new animals must be separated from the rest of the herd
Skylights should be installed if the barn is wider than
a. 5 m
b. 20 m
c. 8 m
d. 12 m
d. 12 m
What are the conditions for fungal toxin production
a. Duration, sunlight
b. Weather, favourable soil
c. Mouldy fodder
d. Medium, water, oxygen, temperature
d. Medium, water, oxygen, temperature
What are the store house moulds?
a. Aspergillus and Fusarium species
b. Penicillium and Alternatia species
c. Aspergillus and Penicillium species
d. Aspergillus and Stachybotris species
c. Aspergillus and Penicillium species
What are the plough land moulds?
a. Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium species
b. Fusarium, Alternatia, Stachybotris
c. Stachybotris, Penicillium, Fusarium
d. Aspergillus, Alternatia, Fusarium
b. Fusarium, Alternatia, Stachybotris
What are the characteristics of store house moulds?
a. High water activity
b. Low temperature demand
c. High relative humidity and high temperature
d. Low water activity, low relative humidity
d. Low water activity, low relative humidity
In which waste category do the animals suspected of being infected with TSE belong to?
a. Category 1
b. Category 2
c. Category 3
d. It is not dangerous material, no special treatment is needed
a. Category 1
In which waste category does manure belong to?
a. Category 1
b. Category 2
c. Category 3
d. It is not dangerous material, no special treatment is needed
b. Category 2
In which waste category do the catering waste from means of transport operating internationally belong to?
a. Category 1
b. Category 2
c. Category 3
d. It is not dangerous material, no special treatment is needed
a. Category 1
In which waste category does raw milk belong to?
a. Category 1
b. Category 2
c. Category 3
d. It is not dangerous material, no special treatment is needed
c. Category 3
What is homeothermia?
a. Homeothermia is when there is no hyperthermia or hypothermia i.e. internal heat conditions are optimal for biological processes
b. Homeothermia is when the temperature is the same both on the surface of the body and in the body cavity and this is ideal for biochemical processes in the body
c. Homeothermia is when the internal temperature of the body does not change for a long time
d. Homeothermia is when the internal temperature is 37 degrees celsius constantly
a. Homeothermia is when there is no hyperthermia or hypothermia i.e. internal heat conditions are optimal for biological processes
What are the most important functional elements of the thermoregulation system?
a. The centre is located in the thalamus and the heat receptors are located in peripherals farther from the body centre
b. The centre is located in the hypothalamus, the heat receptors are scattered in the outer cover near the body surface and in the body cavity, the heat conservation or loss system is controlled based on the temperature gradients measure by the two above mentioned receptor types
c. The centre is in the brain, due to its overriding role, thermal regulation is primarily determined by the temperature of the blood in brain vessels, information about peripheral receptors affects internal body temperature only in few special situation so their role is secondary
d. The centre is located in the cerebellum and the peripheral heat receptors are located in the oral or nasal cavity and regulate the operation of the centre
b. The centre is located in the hypothalamus, the heat receptors are scattered in the outer cover near the body surface and in the body cavity, the heat conservation or loss system is controlled based on the temperature gradients measure by the two above mentioned receptor types
What are the stages of the body reaction for ambient temperature change in terms of animal regulation?
a. Hypothermia - homeothermia - thermoneutral zone - hyperthermia
b. Rapid cooling phase - cold phase - comfort phase - hot phase - rapid overheating phase
c. Cold stress - comfort zone - heat stress
d. Hypothermia - survival zone - heat stress
a. Hypothermia - homeothermia - thermoneutral zone - hyperthermia
Why is cCH4 emission reduction important?
a. It is extremely toxic to farm animals and humans. It is also known as “knock out” gas, as reaching a critical concentration causes immediate and irreversible loss of consciousness and death
b. It poses a significant environmental risk to humanity as it is a greenhouse gas
c. It commonly causes social conflict between farmers and urban citizens due to the odour
d. The human mankind loses a lot of energy through methane emission
b. It poses a significant environmental risk to humanity as it is a greenhouse gas
How can we effectively reduce the CH4 emissions in livestock farming?
a. By radically reducing the number of ruminant farm animals
b. Using balanced feed rations and feed additives that have a positive effect on the ruminal flora
c. By minimising the carbohydrate intake of animals
d. Using alternative to carbon-based feed components
b. Using balanced feed rations and feed additives that have a positive effect on the ruminal flora
What are the most important components of stench in the vicinity of livestock buildings?
a. The most common stinkers are short-chain carbon and volatile organic acids, mercaptans, asesters, carbonyls, aldehydes, alcohols, ammonia, mono-,di- and tri-methylamine, xylene, toluene, p-resole
b. The chemical composition of the stench cannot be defined accurately but it is mainly caused by metabolites produced by microorganisms that break down manure
c. The most important chemical components of the stench are H2s and CH4
d. Nitrogen
a. The most common stinkers are short-chain carbon and volatile organic acids, mercaptans, asesters, carbonyls, aldehydes, alcohols, ammonia, mono-,di- and tri-methylamine, xylene, toluene, p-resole
Which statement is true?
a. The subject “Animal Hygiene” systematise the preventive veterinary measures (Preventative Veterinary Medicine)
b. The main scope of the subject “Animal Hygiene” is to summarise the knowledge of cleaning and disinfection in veterinary practice
c. Focuses on therapy of the herd level diseases of farm animals
d. Systemises the hygienic aspects of the therapy of infectious diseases of farm animals
a. The subject “Animal Hygiene” systematise the preventive veterinary measures (Preventative Veterinary Medicine)
The main goal of body condition scoring of dairy cows is to monitor the:
a. Protein supply
b. Long term energy balance
c. The energy density of the daily ration of the high producing cows
d. To estimate the prevalence of relevant disorders of the digestive tract
b. Long term energy balance
What is the target body condition score for a Holstein Friesian cow at the time of
calving?
a. 2.5-3.5
b. 2.5-3.0
c. 3.5-4.0
d. 3.0-3.5
d. 3.0-3.5
- What is the maximum of the acceptable BCS loss of dairy cows at the first part of lactation?
a. 2
b. 1
c. 0.5
d. 44201
b. 1
In what unit are airborne particles most often expressed?
a. In ppm
b. In ppb
c. In particulate matter (PM 2.5, PM 10)
d. In g/m3
c. In particulate matter (PM 2.5, PM 10)
What factors reduce the harmful effects of mycotoxins in ruminants?
a. Increasing the rate of ruminal passage
b. Rumen acidosis
c. Decrease in the number of protozoa and rumen bacteria
d. Optimal ruminal fluid pH, normal rumen flora, normal passage
d. Optimal ruminal fluid pH, normal rumen flora, normal passage
What are the two large groups of ventilation systems in livestock buildings?
a. Fast and slow ventilation
b. Constant and partial ventilation
c. Natural (passive) and artificial (active) ventilation
d. Ducted or infreced ventilation
c. Natural (passive) and artificial (active) ventilation
Which statement is true?
a. By injecting fresh air, the survival rate of bacteria can be significantly reduced and therefore the environmental germ load
b. Fresh air can improve the air quality of the stable by reducing the concentration of harmful gases but it is also a significant source of infection due to the continuous live germ load from the environment
c. Fresh air inlet is recommended only during summer
d. Fresh air must be released to such an extent that the air movement in the livestock building is constantly > 3.5 m/s
b. Fresh air can improve the air quality of the stable by reducing the concentration of harmful gases but it is also a significant source of infection due to the continuous live germ load from the environment
You detect faecal score 1 or 2 in a barn of dairy cows frequently. What nutritional factor should NOT be taken into account in the background?
a. Structural fibres in excess in the daily ration
b. Starch in excess in the daily ration
c. Protein in excess in the daily ration
d. Na in excess in the daily ration
a. Structural fibres in excess in the daily ration
What is the target faecal score fo r dry dairy cows and heifers?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
d. 4
What is the target faecal score for high producing dairy cows?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
c. 3
What is NOT part of the possible biological reactions to stress?
a. Behaviour
b. Neuroendocrine
c. Hormonal
d. Neurologic
c. hormonal/humoral
NOT part of the resistance phase of the GAS?
a. Large amount of glucocorticoids are produced in the adrenal cortex
b. Due to the strong gluconeogenetic processes, there is hyperglycaemia
c. Intensive insulin secretion
d. Body meets most of its energy demands from fat burning
c. Intensive insulin secretion
What symptom is NOT part of the chronic stress?
a. Anorexia, weight loss
b. Osteoporosis
c. High blood sugar
d. Increased heart rate
d. Increased heart rate