Hydroxy Compounds

Question 1

R&C for reduction from aldehyde/ketone using
1) LiAlH4
2) H2

Answer 1

1) LiAl4 in dry ether, r.t.
or
NaBH4, ethanol, r.t.
2) H2(g), Ni/Pd/Pt catalyst, r.t.

Question 2

R&C for reduction from carboxylic acids

Answer 2

LiAlH4 in dry ether, r.t.

Question 3

R&C for dehydration (elimination)

Answer 3

excess H2SO4, heat

Question 4

R&C for nucleophilic substitution of
1) HX
2) PX3
3) PCl5
4) SOCl2

Answer 4

1) HX(g), r.t. or conc HCl, heat
2) anhydrous PX3, heat
3) anhydrous PCl5, r.t.
4) anhydrous SOCl2, heat

Question 5

R&C for oxidation of primary alcohols

Answer 5

aldehydes: K2Cr2O7(aq), H2SO4(aq), immediate distill

carboxylic acids: KMnO4(aq), H2SO4(aq), heat

Question 6

R&C for oxidation of secondary alcohols

Answer 6

KmnO4(aq), H2SO4(aq), heat

Question 7

R&C for tertiary alcohols

Answer 7

no reaction (absence of alpha hydrogens)

Question 8

R&C for iodoform

Answer 8

iodine, NaOH(aq), heat

-a step down reaction and needs a specific structure

Question 9

R&C for esterification

Answer 9

RCOOH: RCOOH, conc H2SO4, heat under reflux
RCOCl: RCOCl, r.t.

Question 10

R&C for esterification of phenol

Answer 10

1) phenol in NaOH(aq), r.t.
2) RCOCl, r.t.