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PT Interventions > Hydrotherapy > Flashcards

Hydrotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Buoyancy (definition)

A

Force experienced as an upward thrust on the body in the opposite direction to the force of gravity

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2
Q

Buoyancy (properties)

A
  • support
  • off loading
  • assistance
  • resistance
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3
Q

Buoyancy (clinical applications)

A
  • decreases stress and compression on weight bearing joints, muscles, and connective tissue
  • resistance
  • helps raise the body parts against gravity
  • helps the therapist support the patients weight
  • can be used for relaxation
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4
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A
  • pressure exerted by a fluid on a body immersed in fluid
  • pressure increases with the depth of the water
  • redistribution of fluid volume
  • decreased fluid capacity
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5
Q

Hydrostatic pressure (clinical applications)

A
  • decreases lower extremity edema
  • breathing exercises
  • brace unstable joints or week muscles
  • motion progressively more difficult as water depth increases
  • balance training
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6
Q

Effects of hydrotherapy

A

-heat transfer, depending on whether the person is resting or moving and the amount of the body is immersed in the water

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7
Q

Physiological effects of hydrotherapy

A
  • hemodynamics: local

- systemic: immersion of most of the body

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8
Q

Cardiovascular effects during immersion

A
  • changes in cardiac output
  • increase in venous return
  • increased cardiac volume leads to an increased stroke volume
  • decreased heart rate
  • increased cardiac output
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9
Q

Cardiovascular effects

A
  • exercise in water as compared to exercise on land of the same metabolic rate will, decrease heart rate, decrease systolic blood pressure, and decreased oxygen consumption
  • metabolic rate and energy expenditure is 3 times more in water then on dry land
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10
Q

Musculoskeletal effects

A
  • decreased weight bearing
  • strengthening
  • ROM
  • increased relaxation
  • slowed bone density loss
  • less fat loss than other forms of exercise
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11
Q

Respiratory effects

A
  • increase resistance to lung expansion
  • decreased vital capacity
  • increased work of breathing
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12
Q

Renal effects

A
  • diuresis

- increased sodium and potassium secretion

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13
Q

Mechanical effects of hydrotherapy

A

-wound healing: debridement, phagocytosis, pgitated whirlpool

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14
Q

Indications for hydrotherapy

A
  • superficial heating or cooling
  • edema
  • water exercise: facilitates movement and functional activity training
  • muscle relaxation
  • decreased spasticity
  • physiological benefits
  • neurological rehabilitation
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15
Q

Contraindications

A
  • cardiac instability
  • infectious diseases
  • bowel or bladder incontinence
  • fever
  • severe or uncontrolled epilepsy
  • suicidal patients
  • acute RA
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16
Q

Precautions

A
  • respiratory problems
  • alcohol ingestion by the patient
  • limited strength, endurance, balance or ROM
  • medications
  • fear of water
  • thermal regulation problems
  • severe PVD
  • metastatic disease
  • severely deconditioned
  • pregnancy
  • multiple sclerosis
17
Q

Adverse effects

A
  • drowning
  • burns
  • fainting
  • bleeding
  • infection
  • hyponatremia
  • aggravation of edema
  • asthma exacerbation
18
Q

Minimizing risk (immersion therapy)

A
  • identify hazardous conditions
  • know how to aid a drowning person
  • check water temperature
  • only immerse necessary body parts
  • add salt to water if patient has extensive open wounds
  • infection control
  • nonslip surfaces around the pool
  • appropriate entry/exit points
  • water depth should be marked
  • evacuate during power outages
  • have appropriate emergency equipment
  • chemicals appropriately stored
19
Q

Minimizing risk (local immersion)

A
  • tank should be grounded
  • motors securely fastened to outside of the tank
  • turbine should not be run without water
  • treatment room warm and ventilated
  • infection control
  • check water temperature
20
Q

Application of hydrotherapy

A
  • temperature: based on the patient’s medical condition and treatment objectives (cold, neutral or heat)
  • heating modality: 15 minutes
  • cold modality: 10 to 15 minutes
  • exercising: 10 to 20 minutes depending on patient status
  • aquatic exercises in a pool environment maybe 30 to 60 minutes
  • contrast bath: alternating very hot and very cold water
21
Q

Immersion therapy

A
  • Hubbard tank, use for wound care, ROM, therapeutic exercise
  • Pool therapy
22
Q

Goals of immersion therapy

A
  • improved general mobility
  • increase circulation
  • promote relaxation
  • increase muscle strength
  • increase ROM
  • improve GAIT/coordination/balance
  • increase endurance
  • promote emotional and physiological well-being
23
Q

Patient populations

A
  • arthritis
  • osteoporosis
  • neurological problems
  • orthopedic problems
  • General deconditioning
24
Q

Guidelines for aquatic exercise

A
  • exercise is more difficult as speed of movement increases

- exercise is more difficult as the size of the movement increases

25
Q

General program

A
  • consists of warm-up, exercise, cooldown

- need to think about intensity, duration, and frequency

26
Q

Environmental concerns

A
  • outside air temperature and humidity must be maintained at a level that is comfortable and will not interfere with bodies physiological processes
  • if too hot or humid: the body will not be able to dissipate heat adequately
  • if too cool and or dry: too much heat is lost
  • room should be well ventilated
  • pool should be tested for pH, chlorination, temperature
  • appropriate stairways and railings, hydraulic lifts
  • someone should no special emergency procedures and CPR
27
Q

Whirlpools

A
  • fixed or portable
  • extremity: large or small
  • high boy
  • low boy
28
Q

Whirlpool application

A
  • fill tank with water to appropriate temperature
  • allow patient to undress
  • remove wound dressings
  • inspect skin, test for thermal sensitivity
  • check vital signs
  • position patient comfortably
  • turn on the turbine
  • stay with the patient in full body immersion
  • patient may exercise
  • duration is generally 10 to 30 minutes
  • after treatment, remove limb from whirlpool and drive
  • replace dressings as necessary
  • assess patient response
  • document
29
Q

Advantages to whirlpool

A
  • can be used for heat transfer, cleansing and debriding, and exercise
  • patient can be position securely and comfortably
  • when your muscles can move more freely than on dry land
  • allows movement while heat is being applied
30
Q

Disadvantages to whirlpool

A
  • size of tanks limit the amount of exercise and size of the area to be treated
  • large quantity of water used
  • costs for cleaning and heating water
  • time-consuming to fill and clean
  • time helping patient to dress and undress
31
Q

Hubbard tank

A
  • Applied similarly to Whirlpool
  • temperature between 97 and 100°F
  • duration is generally 20 minutes
32
Q

Advantages to the Hubbard tank

A
  • can treat large areas or multiple areas of the body

- can be used for heat transfer, for cleansing and debriding, open wounds, water exercise

33
Q

Disadvantages to the Hubbard tank

A
  • costly to provide treatment
  • costly equipment and space requirements
  • uses large amounts of warm water
  • time-consuming to fill, move patient, clean
  • extra precaution in regards to systemic effects of overheating
34
Q

Contrast bath

A
  • alternately immersing distal extremity in warm/hot then cool/cold water
  • causes fluctuation in blood flow
  • warm: 110°F to 111°F
  • cold: 50°F to 64°F
  • warm water for 3 to 4 minutes and then immersed in cold water for 1 minute
  • repeat 5 to 6 times, total treatment time of 25 to 30 minutes
35
Q

Indications for a contrast bath

A
  • when heating is desired there is increased risk of edema
  • chronic edema
  • subacute trauma
  • inflammatory conditions
  • hyperalgesia or hypersensitivity
36
Q

Advantages of a contrast bath

A
  • may promote a more vigorous circulatory effect then he or cold alone
  • provides good contact with distal extremities
  • may help provide pain control without aggravating edema
  • allows movement water
37
Q

Disadvantages of a contrast bath

A
  • limbs in a dependent position
  • some patients don’t tolerate cold immersion
  • lack of research

PT Interventions (1 decks)

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