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PT 103 > Hydrotherapy > Flashcards

Hydrotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Water has what unique properties that allow weakened pts to perform a wide range of therapeutic activities?

A

buoyancy & resistance & hydrostatic pressure

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2
Q

Water has a low, high or indifferent specific heat?

A

high

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3
Q

Thermal conductivity relates to?

A

rate at which a material transfers heat by conduction

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4
Q

This property of water provides resistance to the motion of a body in water

A

viscosity

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5
Q

viscosity occurs against the direction of the motion of the body and increases in proportion to?

A

the relative speed of the body’s motion & the frontal area of body part (s) in contact with the h20

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6
Q

Water can transfer heat via?

A

conduction & convection

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7
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

pressure exerted by a fluid on a body immersed in the fluid

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8
Q

What is Pascal’s law?

A

states that fluid exerts equal pressure on all surfaces of the body at rest at a given depth, and this pressure increases in proportion to the depth of the fluid

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9
Q

What can immersion in water assist in promoting or alleviating?

A

peripheral edema caused by venous or lymphatic insufficiency

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10
Q

This type of pressure may also facilitate cardiovascular function.

A

increasing external hydrostatic pressure on the limbs

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11
Q

What are the musculoskeletal effects of hydrotherapy?

A

Decreased weight bearing
Strengthening
Effects on bone density loss
Less fat loss than w/ other forms of exercise

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12
Q

Name the cleansing effects of hydrotherapy?

A

pressure to remove debris

dissolved surfactants and anitmicrobials to assist w/ cleaning

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13
Q

What are the cardiovascular effects of hydrotherapy?

A

Increased venous circulation, cardiac output, and cardiac volume
Decreased heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and rate of oxygen uptake response to exercise

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14
Q

List the effects of hydrotherapy on the respiratory system?

A

Decreased vital capacity and exercise induced asthma

Increase work of breathing

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15
Q

What are the renal effects of hydrotherapy?

A

Diuresis

Increased sodium and potassium excretion

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16
Q

What psychological effects can come from hydrotherapy?

A

Relaxing or invigorating

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17
Q

What should be used to guide exercise intensity in water?

A

Perceived exertion

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18
Q

What should be noted when a land based exercise is performed in water?

A

changes in biomechanics

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19
Q

What are the benefits of water exercise for musculoskeletal problems?

A 
Decreased weight bearing on joints
Velocity dependent resistance
Closed or open chain exercises
Effects on bone density loss
Fibromyalgia
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20
Q

What are the benefits of water exercise for neurological problems?

A

Proprioceptive input & improved balance

Increased safety

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21
Q

What are the benefits of water exercise for patients w/ reduced cardiac fitness?

A

cardiac conditioning in patients w/ poor tolerance for land based exercise

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22
Q

What are the benefits of water exercise for pregnant patients?

A

Decreased weight bearing and risk of maternal hyperthermia

Less elevation of HR w/ exercise

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23
Q

What are the benefits of water exercise for patients w/ exercise induced asthma?

A

Less exercise induced asthma than w/ other forms of exercise

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24
Q

What are the benefits of water exercise for age related deficits?

A

Improved balance, strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, & functional mobility

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25
Q

Water rehab programs are designed so that ____________ _________ by the patient do not cause problems in other areas

A

compensatory motions

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26
Q

How many psi should a nonimmersion irrigation device deliver fluid to remove debris w/o causing tissue damage?

A

4 to 15 psi

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27
Q

What are contraindications for local immersion forms of hydrotherapy?

A

Maceration around a wound

Bleeding

28
Q

What are precautions for local immersion forms of hydrotherapy?

A

Impaired thermal sensations
Infection to area
Impaired cognition
Recent skin grafts

29
Q

When should hydrotherapy be discontinued?

A

When the wound base is fully covered w/ granulation tissue

30
Q

What are precautions for FULL body immersion in HOT water?

A

Pregnancy
MS
Poor thermal regulation

31
Q

What are contraindications for FULL body immersion hydrotherapy?

A 
Cardiac instability
Infectious conditions 
Bowel incontinence
Severe epilepsy
Suicidal patients
32
Q

What are precautions for FULL body immersion hydrotherapy?

A 
Confusion or disorientation
Alcohol ingestion by the patient
Limited strength, endurance, balance, ROM
Medications
Urinary incontinence
Fear of water
Respiratory problems
33
Q

What are closed chain exercises?

A

Exercises where the distal extremity is stationary on a stable support
When performed in the pool the distal extremity is supported on the bottom of the pool

34
Q

What is dead tissue or a scab that forms on a wound?

A

Eschar

35
Q

What are open chain exercises?

A

Exercises where the distal extremity is free to move

Open chain exercises can be performed in the pool if the distal extremity is not touching the side or bottom of the pool

36
Q

What is the softening of tissues from excessive soaking in liquid?

A

maceration

37
Q

What is the name of wound fluid composed of serum, fibrin, and WBCs.

A

exudate

38
Q

What is necrotic tissue in the process of separating from viable, living tissue?

A

slough

39
Q

Describe negative pressure wound therapy?

A

The application of continuous or intermittent subatmospheric pressure vacuum suction to an open wound to promote healing
AKA - vacuum assisted wound closure

40
Q

This substance contains pus, is an opaque wound fluid that is thicker than exudate and contains WBCs, tissue debris, and microorganisms?

A

Purulence

41
Q

What is nonimmersion hydrotherapy used for?

A

Cleansing wounds to reduce bacterial load and removing debris during wound care

42
Q

What is used to apply immersion therapy?

A

whirlpool, Hubbard tank, or an exercise pool

43
Q

Negative wound therapy is often used in conjunction with ___________ __________

A

nonimmersion therapy

44
Q

Specific gravity of a person ______ when there is greater amounts of adipose tissue

A

decreases

45
Q

Specific gravity less than 1 will ____ and greater than 1 will ____.

A

less than floats

greater than sinks

46
Q

What is the specific gravity of the body?

A

.87-.97

47
Q

The resistance is ______ the direction of movement and ________ in proportion to speed of body’s motion and the frontal area of body part in contact with water.

A

opposite increases

48
Q

What is specific heat?

A

Amount of heat, in calories required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree C

49
Q

Specific heat of water and air is?

A

Water = 4.19 J/gm/CAir = 1.01 J/gm/C

50
Q

Arthritis benefits from ____ water.

A

warmer

51
Q

What is product of several forces acting on an object immersed in water?

A

Turbulence

52
Q

What is horizontal flow of water passing over a body part in motion that creates drag?

A

Laminar flow

53
Q

What inhibits movement by resisting forward motion?

A

Drag

54
Q

What is encountered initially as a body moves through the water, creating a positive pressure?

A

Frontal resistance

55
Q

How does hydrotherapy control pain?

A

Studies show decreased pain in patients with OA and fibromyalgia.
Thought to stimulate peripheral mechanoreceptors to gate transmission of pain signals to spinal cordMore stim=less pain (e.g. higher temp w/ increase H2O agitation)
Cold water for reducing acute inflammation

56
Q

How does hydrotherapy control edema?

A 
Used with lymphatic insufficiency, renal dysfunction, and post-op inflammation
Uses cold water to cause vasodilation in conjuction with effect of hydrostatic pressure
Contrast baths (switching between warm and cold water) to create pumping action thru alternating vasodilation and vasoconstriction.
57
Q

Whirlpool for wound care?

A

Has decreased in use over the last 5-10 years.Was used to cleanse wound, assist with debridement of necrotic tissue and to increase circulation in area via warm water to assist with healing.
Concerns: potential for wound infection from bacteria, cytotoxic effect of cleansing additives, and soft tissue damage due to inability to control fluid pressures.

58
Q

What do turbines do?

A

Mix air and water to provide agitation and turbulence to the water in tank
Mechanical stimulation from agitation to skin receptors may promote analgesic effectMore air that is mixed with water, more turbulence

59
Q

Why would you use a hubbard tank?

A

Hubbard tanks are whirpool tanks to accommodate supine position and allow ROM in both UE and LE with support from the water
Hubbards are used for patients who cannot be transferred into a low boy or who have too large a surface area for treatment
Hubbards have lifting devices to transfer-usually hydraulically controlled

60
Q

Contrast bath

A

Alternately immersing extremity in warm/hot and then in cool/cold water.
For: 1/edema; 2/pain control; 3/desensitization.20-25 min tx duration; 3-4 min warm; 30sec-1min cold; for a total of 5 to 6 repetitions.

61
Q

COLD whirlpool treatment temp. & application

A

Temp- 32-79F (0-26C)

Used for acute inflammation

62
Q

TEPID whirlpool treatment temp. & application

A

Temp- 79-92F (26-33C)

Use for medium exercise & acute inflammation (if colder temps are not tolerated)

63
Q

NEUTRAL WARMTH whirlpool treatment temp. & application

A

Temp- 92-96F (33-35.5C)
Used for Open wounds
Medically compromised patients w/ circulatory, sensory, or cardiac disorders
Decreased tone

64
Q

MILD WARMTH whirlpool treatment temp. & application

A

Temp- 96-98F (35.5-37C)

Used to increase mobility in burn patients

65
Q

HOT whirlpool treatment temp. & application

A

Temp- 99-104F (37-40C)

Used to control pain

66
Q

VERY HOT whirlpool treatment temp. & application

A

Temp- 104-110F (40-43)
Used to increase soft tissue extensibility
In chronic conditions
On limited body areas only

67
Q

ABOVE 110 degrees, whirlpool treatment temp. & application

A

Should not be used

PT 103 (5 decks)

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