HYDROTHERAPY Flashcards
4 functions of the skin
protection
thermoregulation
excretion
absorption
core body temp
37C
skin can tolerate (heat and cold)
-5 and 57C
skin surface temp is usually
28-32C
3 heat conserving activites
shivering
vasoconstriction
goosebumps
3 heat losing activities
perspiration
vasodilation
increased breathing rate
properties of water
thermal properties
specific heat
thermal conductivity
mechanical effects
chemical effects
transfer of heat CCCRE
conduction
convection
conversion
radiation
evaporation
reflex effects
vasomotor
visceromotor
granular
3 effects of temperature therapy applications
local effects
reflex effects
systemic effects
what is derivation
drawing of fluid from its main pathway to chilled tissue
cardinal signs of inflammation
SHARP
SWELLING
HEAT
ALTERED FUNCTION
REDNESS
PAIN
hunting response
when the temperature in a tissue is reduced for 12-15 mins or below 10C
physiological effects of cold
depressive, slows down metabolic functions
5 factors that influence cold’s effects
temperature
duration
size of tx area
temperature of individual
amount of adipose tissue
C-BAN
cold
burning
aching
numb
S.K.I.L.L.S
skin
kidneys
intestines
liver
lungs
spleen
define retrostasis
the action of fluid being mobilized from the body surface into deeper tissues
drawing of blood to interal organs
the higher the conductivity of a material the better the material transfers heat
stages of inflammation
acute
subacute
chronic
general rule for cold or heat
cold for acute
contrast for sub acute
heat for chronic
R.I.C.E
rest
ice
compression
elevation
indications for cold
acute sprains
inflammation
edema
muscular pain
muscle guarding spasm
acute tendinitis
acute bursitis
fractures
headaches
MS
post surgical conditions
caution w cryotherapy
frostnip
cold over cast
superficial wounds
young or old people
immunocompromised
high BP
cardiac disorders
nerve conduction problems
what is dosimetry factors
appropriate dosage of a tx
factors under control of therapist for tx
tx area
application temperature
therapeutic medium
static or dynamic tx
speed of application
tx duration
tx frequency
use of additives
post-tx activities
ratio for contrast
3:1 hot:cold
direct heat effects(5)
increased metabolism of affected tissues
altered cardiovascular dynamics
altered blood dilution
detoxification
direct effects on soft tissue structures
venous negative reaction
skin appears red and blue
most common w hot tx’s
stop tx and promote drainage
warm tx’s raise tissues to what temp
33-38C
hot applications are over ?
38C
what is passive derivation
doesn’t require energy
local vasodilation that allows heat to escape
blood rushes to bodys surface to prevent heat damage
6 factors that influence heats effects
temp of application
speed tissue is heated
duration
presence/absence of coupling agent **
size of tx area
amount of adipose tissue
indications for heat application
promote injury healing
myofascial trigger point
DOMS
spasticity
chronic tendinitis
scars
non inflammatory joint pain
limited mobility
anxiety
labour pain
cautions w thermotherapy
if a person is already overheated
dehydrated
cardiovascular, renal or respiratory disorders
bleeding disorders
diabetes mellitus
peripheral vascular disease
over abdomen of pregnant woman
sensory or thermoregulatory disorders
health history questions
age
health status
general constitution
medications
restrictions
understand nature of presenting condition/symptom
checking for what in assessment ? SSSCT
swelling
sore
scars
color
tissue health
assessment tests (4)
vital signs - HR and BP
skin discrimination test - impaired sensation
nail bed test - peripheral vascular disease
patch testing - concern for pt’s reaction to tissues
include these in consent
temperature
heating or cooling agent
method of application
duration
positioning
draping
benefits and risks
questions
right of refusal
consent
with local tx , always lay heating or cooler agent on top of person, never under
placing it under traps heat and impairs thermoregulation mechanisms which increase risk of burns
with longer treatments metabolism increases but circulation slows
negative reactions
tissue discoloration
shivering
dizziness
low or high BP
headache
nausea
disorientation
hyperventilating
feeling faint
types of negative reactions
arterial
venous
paradox
combined
arterial reaction
skin appears marble like with red and white blotches
most common w contrast, intense heat, long cold applications
stop application and promote dilation of blood vessels
venous reaction
skin appears red and blue
red - hyperemia
blue - congestion
due to inability of veins to cope w increased blood drainage
common w hot treatments
stop treatment, promote drainage
paradox reaction
body responds in a way that is contrary to what should happen
cryotherapy = skin becomes pale, red, then white
paradox = skin become pale, then white but not red
stop tx, reassess, refer to doc if needed
combined reactions
a combo of two or more arterial, venous or paradox reactions happen
only happens when someone has circulatory disorder
stop tx, allow rest
name some pulse points
carotid
brachial
ulnar
radial
femoral
popliteal
posterior tibial
average BP
120/70
vant hoffs law
chemical reactions increase two to three times for every 10C temperature increase
