Hydrospheres

Question 1

• Tributary

Answer 1

A stream or smaller river that flows into a larger one

Question 2

• Precipitation

Answer 2

The main input for the river is through rain and snow

Question 3

• Evaporation

Answer 3

Water vapour evaporates from the sea due to the heat of the sun

Water turns to gas (water vapour)

Question 4

• Transpiration

Answer 4

Water is lost to the atmosphere due to vegetation such as trees

Question 5

• Condensation

Answer 5

Water vapour condenses into water which forms clouds and when big enough they produce precipitation

Question 6

• Interception

Answer 6

Rain can be intercepted by vegetation slowing down the movement of the water

Question 7

• Overland flow

Answer 7

Water flowing over the surface of the land

Question 8

• Infiltration

Answer 8

Water flowing into the soil known as infiltration

Question 9

• Percolation

Answer 9

Water flows through permeable rocks below the soil and into rocks

Question 10

• Water table

Answer 10

the boundary between water-saturated ground and unsaturated ground

Question 11

• Hydraulic action

Answer 11

The force of the water enters cracks in the rock, compresses the air and breaks off fragments

Question 12

• Abrasion

Answer 12

when boulders and stones wear away the river banks and bed. Angular rocks that have entered the channel recently are useful tools of abrasion because they are more angular. Abrasion is responsible for both lateral and vertical erosion of the river channel.

Question 13

• Solution

Answer 13

The acids in the water erode the rocks

Question 14

What is a V-Shaped Valley?

Answer 14

A valley formed by vertical erosion through hydraulic action, where water enters cracks in the rock, compressing air and breaking off pieces of rock.

Due to gravity, the rocks fall into the river below.

Question 15

What role does weathering play in a V-Shaped Valley?

Answer 15

The sides of the valley are exposed to weathering, which assists in the erosion process.

Question 16

What is abrasion in the context of a V-Shaped Valley?

Answer 16

Abrasion is when rocks carried by the water scrape against the bank and beds, wearing away the land.

Question 17

How is a waterfall formed?

Answer 17

A waterfall forms when soft rock is eroded quicker than hard rock by hydraulic action, leading to an unsupported overhang that collapses.

The rocks deepen the plunge pool below.

Question 18

What happens to the overhang in a waterfall?

Answer 18

The overhang collapses into the plunge pool below due to gravity.

Question 19

What is the effect of hydraulic action on a meander?

Answer 19

Water travels faster on the outside bend of a meander, resulting in erosion through hydraulic action.

Question 20

What is the result of erosion on the outside bend of a meander?

Answer 20

Erosion forms a river cliff on the outside bend.

Question 21

What occurs on the inside bend of a meander?

Answer 21

The river travels slower on the inside bend, resulting in deposition and the formation of a river beach.

Question 22

What is an Ox Bow Lake?

Answer 22

An Ox Bow Lake forms when water travels faster on the outside bend, leading to erosion and narrowing the neck of the meander.

During a flood, the river may cut through the neck of the meander.

Question 23

How does abrasion affect an Ox Bow Lake?

Answer 23

The land is eroded by abrasion, where rocks carried by the water scrape against the bank and beds, wearing away the land.

Question 24

What is a pyramidal peak?

Answer 24

A pyramidal peak is a frost-shattered point formed when three or more Corries erode back toward each other.

Question 25

How is the point of a pyramidal peak shaped?

Answer 25

The point of the pyramid, once rounded, is sharpened by freeze-thaw weathering.