Hydrosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

How does deforestation impact the hydrological cycle?

A
  • Increases surface run-off
  • Decreases evapotranspiration
  • More floods
  • Less water intercepted and stored by the trees
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2
Q

How does urbanisation impact the hydrological cycle?

A

Removal and replacement of vegetation with impermeable surfaces and drains speeds up overland flow and evaporation which can lead to higher river levels.

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3
Q

How does mining impact the hydrological cycle?

A

Increased silting up of lakes, rivers and reservoirs leading to a reduced storage capacity in these areas.

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4
Q

How does irrigation impact the hydrological cycle?

A
  • Reduces rivers and underground stores
  • Reduces river flow and lowers water tables
  • Increases evaporation by placing water in surface stores
  • Increases transpiration because new crops removing water from the cycle as they grow.
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5
Q

What is a hydrograph?

A

Record of river discharge over a period of time

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6
Q

What is the rising limb?

A

The rising flood water in the river

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7
Q

What is the recession limb?

A

Falling flood water in the river

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8
Q

What is the basin lag time?

A

The time difference between the peak of the rainstorm and the peak flow of the river.

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9
Q

What is the base flow?

A

Normal discharge of the river

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10
Q

What is overland flow?

A

Volume of water reaching the river from surface run off

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11
Q

What is through flow?

A

Volume of water reaching the river through the soil and underlying rock layers

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12
Q

Name 5 factors that can influence storm hydrographs

A
  • Area
  • Land use
  • Types of rock
  • Soil type
  • Drainage density
  • Extent of rainfall
  • Previous weather
  • Temp
  • Tidal conditions
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