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Hydrosphere Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Includes all of the water on or near the earths surface

A

Hydrosphere

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2
Q

Is the continuous movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean

A

Water cycle

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3
Q

All the oceans are joined in a single large interconnected body of water called

A

World ocean

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4
Q

Plays an important role in the regulation of the planets environment

A

World ocean

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5
Q

Earths ocean basins

A

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic

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6
Q

Largest and deepest ocean single largest geographic feature on earth

A

Pacific

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7
Q

Half the size of the pacific

A

Atlantic

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8
Q

Smaller than the Atlantic but has the same average depth

A

Indian

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9
Q

7% the size of the pacific and 1/4 as deep as the other oceans

A

Arctic

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10
Q

It contains more salts

A

Ocean water

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11
Q

Difference between ocean water and fresh water

A

Ow contains more salt

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12
Q

Measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid, it can vary depending upon the amount of rain, temp, and freshwater that flows from the ocean

A

Salinity

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13
Q

Has a higher salinity because it is colder

A

Deep water

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14
Q

Absorb and store energy from sunlight which in turn regulates temp in earths atmosphere

A

World ocean

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15
Q

What happens if the oceans did not regulate atmospheric and surface temp.

A

Temp will be too extreme for life to exist here on earth

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16
Q

An episode occurring every 3 to 7 years of ocean warming that affects the eastern tropical pacific warm counter currents become usually strong and replace normally cold off shores with warm Equatorial waters. Marked by abnormal weather patterns in equator and Peru

A

El Niño

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17
Q

Surface conditions in eastern pacific are colder than average can increase hurricane activity

A

La Niña

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18
Q

Water that contains insignificant amounts of salts

A

Fresh water

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19
Q

How many percent does freshwater make up the earth?

A

3%

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20
Q

Where are most of the fresh waters locked up

A

Ice caps and glaciers while others are found in lakes rivers wetlands soil and atmosphere

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21
Q

A stream that empties into another stream

A

Tributaries

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22
Q

Most important agents of erosion

A

Streams; running waters

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23
Q

The ability of a stream to ______ and transport depends on its _____

A

Erode; velocity

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24
Q

Factors that determine velocity

A

Gradient channel characteristic, discharge

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25
Q

Slope or steepness of a stream channel. The steeper it is, the more energy the stream has as it flows downhill

A

Gradient

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26
Q

The course in water in a stream follows, as water flows it encounters friction from the sides and bottom. The amount of it is caused by its size, shape, and roughness

A

Channel characteristic

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27
Q

The volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given unit of time

A

Discharge

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28
Q

An act of following a winding course an aimless manner

A

Meandering

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29
Q

A large area that drains to the ocean

A

River basin

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30
Q

Example of a river basin

A

Catawba river basin

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31
Q

A smaller area that drains to a certain area

A

Watershed

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32
Q

A underground groundwater water source that we use

A

Aquifer

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33
Q

Expressive to pump and purify

A

Deep salty aquifer

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34
Q

Rain and melting snow sink into the ground and run off the land, most water trickles down through the ground and collects it as a

A

Groundwater

35
Q

It makes up 1% of the earth it fulfills the human need for fresh drinking water and supplies agricultural and industrial need

A

Groundwater

36
Q

Are all the freshwater sources found on the continents

A

Inland waters

37
Q

An area of land in which inland waters drain into the same larger body of water also called catchment area or drainage basin

A

Watershed

38
Q

Ex of watershed

A

St. Lawrence river

39
Q

Factors that affect how water flow within a water shed

A

Topography, geology, climate, vegetation, development

40
Q

Slope of the land;steep slopes drain easily and quickly

A

Topography

41
Q

Type of rock; holes or gaps in rock and compact clay

A

Geology

42
Q

Rainfall winds temperature

A

Climate

43
Q

Highly vegetated areas that slow down water flow

A

Vegetation

44
Q

A dam can prevent water from flowing merely

A

Development

45
Q

Is all frozen water on the surface of the earth

A

Cryosphere

46
Q

Composed of ice floating on the oceans near the north and south poles
Extent of pack ice changes with seasons
Due to the effect of global warming the extent of it is shrinking

A

Pack ice

47
Q

A mass of ice on land formed by compressed snow

Contained 79% of earths water

A

Glacier

48
Q

Largest glaciers are at the

A

Poles ex Greenland icecap

49
Q

Smaller glaciers exist in

A

Mountain ranges ex bc and Alberta

50
Q

Melting at a fast rate due to global warming

A

Glaciers

51
Q

The melting of glaciers and pack ice may lead to

A

Rise in sea level and consequent flooding of low lying lands ex Florida

52
Q

Ex of glacier

A

High alpine glacier

53
Q

Energy resources from the hydrosphere

A

Hydroelectric dams

54
Q

Energy derived from moving water

A

Hydraulic energy

55
Q

Three main sources of hydraulic energy

A

Rivers, waves, ocean currents

56
Q

Convert a hydraulic energy into electrical power
Water flowing through its turbines create electricity
Produce little greenhouse gases but cause large areas of flooding upstream
Release toxic mercury into the environment

A

Hydroelectric dam

57
Q

Derives most of its electricity from hydro dams

A

Quebec

58
Q

Example of hydro dams

A

James bay, sibulan Davao deal sur, maramag, bukidnon pulangi

59
Q

What can be attached to turbines to create electrical energy

A

Buoys

60
Q

Can harness ocean current energy much the same way a windmill operates

A

Underwater turbines

61
Q

Most of these ideas are under the prototype stage

A

Waves and ocean currents

62
Q

Human impact on the hydrosphere

A

Water pollution, fish kill, oil spill, North Pacific gyre

63
Q

Pollution and degradation of water resources

A

Chemical pollution, thermal pollution, oil spills, plastics

64
Q

Metals mercurys pcbs mine drainage

A

Chemical pollution

65
Q

Heat discharge from factories can decrease oxygen content and lead to fish kills

A

Thermal pollution

66
Q

6million tones per year

A

Oil spills

67
Q

North Pacific gyre an ocean garbage dump

A

Plastics

68
Q

Where does pollution come from

Sources of point pollution

A

23 million septic tank systems
190000 storage lagoons for waste
90000 municipal landfills
2 million underground storage tanks containing gasoline or pollutants
Thousands of public and industrial wastewater treatment plants

69
Q

Sources of non point pollution

A

Highway construction
Storm water run off from cities or suburban streets like feces etc.
Pesticides
50 mill tones of fertilizer applied to lawns and caps
10 million tons of dry salt applied to highways

70
Q

Possible problems of pollution

A 
Temp. Increase
Organic waste in water
Suspended solids in the river
Detergents found in water
Runoff from fertilized land
Vehicles used
71
Q

Effects of pollution

A 
Decrease in dissolved oxygen
High turbidity
High level of phosphates
High levels of nitrate
Oh of water changes
72
Q

Where does pollution come from

A 
Marine transportation
Sewage
Industrial waste
Pollutants of air
Farm run off
Offshore oil
Litter
73
Q

Dug or tap into underground water hard to prevent contaminated water

A

Wells

74
Q

Made into underground aquifers. Lined sealed and do a better job of keeping out microorganism xu and chemicals

A

Drilled wells

75
Q

Problems with wells

A

Contaminated by micro organisms

Soil salination

76
Q

Aquifer depletion

A

Salt water intrusion

Subsidence

77
Q

Occurs when salt water moves in where fresh water is located

A

Salt water

78
Q

When the land level falls due to loss of groundwater

A

Subsidence

79
Q

Used to provide drinking water for agriculture, generate hydro power and recreational activities

A

Dams

80
Q

Dam problems

A 
Flood upstream
Fragmentation
Sedimentation
Reservoir is a breeding ground for disease insects
Disrupts the natural flow of rivers
81
Q

Dam removal benefits

A

Avoid catastrophic Dam failure
Benefit aquatic life
Restore downstream habitats
Restore natural flow of streams and rivers

82
Q

Farming adds excess fertilizers to rivers and lakes
Stimulate algae growth
Lead to algae blossoms reduce oxygen levels fish kills and green scum

A

Eutrophication process

83
Q

Eutrophication experiment by university of Manitoba

A

No blue green algal bloom carbon nitrogen

Blue green algal bloom carbon nitrogen phosphorus

84
Q

Importance of water conservation

A

Sustainability
Energy conservation
Habitat conservation
Reduce water consumption per capita

Science (3 decks)

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