Hydrophilic Signals and control of transduction

Question 1

What can hydrophilic signalling molecules not do and what does this mean?

Answer 1

diffuse through cell membranes. This means that these molecules must bind to a receptor on the cell surface for anything to occur

Question 2

What are the most common hydrophilic signalling molecule?

Answer 2

These types of signalling molecules are most commonly peptide hormones (insulin)

Question 3

What happens as hydrophilic signalling molecules bind to receptors?

Answer 3

As they bind to receptors they cause a ligand conformation change

Question 4

What is hydrophilic signal transduction?

Answer 4

The signal molecule does not enter the cell, but causes a cascade effect starting on the inner membrane side of the receptor protein, which will be transmembrane

Question 5

What is the result of hydrophilic signal transduction?

Answer 5

This cascade will either be in the form of G-proteins or phosphorylation by kinase enzymes