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CLSU Abele Review > Hydrology Objectives > Flashcards

Hydrology Objectives Flashcards

1
Q

Science which deals with the occurrence, distribution, and disposal of water on the planet earth

A

Hydrology

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2
Q

study the process of hydrological cycle, which occurs in atmosphere like evaporation, precipitation and condensation and in ground like surface runoff, rainfall, infiltration along with their interactions. (Atmosphere + earth)

A

Hydrometeorology

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3
Q

Study of solid earth

A

Geology

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4
Q

study of groundwater – it is sometimes referred to as geohydrology or groundwater hydrology.

A

Hydrogeology

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5
Q

It is a vertical and horizontal movement of water as either vapor, liquid, or solid between the earth’s surface, subsurface, atmosphere, and oceans

A

Water cycle, water transfer cycle or hydrologic cycle

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6
Q

Lateral movement of water in the soil

A

Seepage

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7
Q

Vertical movement of water in the soil

A

Percolation

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8
Q

Entry of water into soil surface

A

Infiltration

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9
Q

Water flowing towards lake, river, oceans as surface or subsurface

A

Runoff

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10
Q

amount of water in a reservoir divided by either the rate of addition of water to the reservoir(inflow) or the rate of loss from it(outflow).

A

Residence time or retention time

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11
Q

measure of how long a substance or material remains in a particular system or environment.

A

Residence time or retention time

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12
Q

What is the Residence time of atmospheric water in the phases of water cycle

A

9 days

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13
Q

What is the Residence time of biological water(plants )in the phases of water cycle

A

1 week

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14
Q

What is the Residence time of rivers and steams in the phases of water cycle

A

2-6months

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15
Q

What is the Residence time of ocean in the phases of water cycle

A

3200 years

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16
Q

What is the Residence time of ground water in the phases of water cycle

A

Up to 10,000 years

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17
Q

In which phase in the hydrologic cycle has the highest residence time of water.
A. Antarctic ice
B. Groundwater:deep
C. Glaciers
D. Ocean
E. Atmospheric water

A

B. Groundwater:deep

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18
Q

Percentage of water in the world that is saline is about

A

97%

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19
Q

Percentage of Earth covered by oceans

A

71%

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20
Q

An area that topographically appears to contribute all the water that passes through specified cross section of a stream (the outlet).
A. Watershed
B. Catchment area
C. Drainage basin
D. River basin
E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

  • “watershed”, “catchment area”, “drainage basin”, and “river basin” all refer to the same concept - the area of land that contributes water to a specific point or outlet of a stream or river.
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21
Q

The boundary line along topographic ridges that separates two adjacent watershed

A

Watershed divide or watershed boundary

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22
Q

These are stream that flows into a larger stream or other body of water

A

Tributaries

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23
Q
  • first order streams
  • smallest streams at the outer limits of a watershed
A

Head water

24
Q

Single point or location at which all surface drainage from a basin comes together or concentrates as outflow from the basin in the stream channel

A

Outlet

25
Q

Portion of the precipitation that makes way towards stream channels, lakes, oceans as surface or subsurface

A

Runoff

26
Q

Baseflow is also called as

A

Groundwater flow

27
Q

It provides the relationship between stream stage and discharge

A

Rating curve

28
Q

Height of water level in a stream

A

Stage

29
Q

Graphical representation of runoff rate over time

A

Hydrograph

30
Q

Graph of 1 unit direct runoff vs. time

A

Unit hydrograph

31
Q

It is the time from the beginning of the rising limb to the occurrence of the peak discharge

A

Time to peak

32
Q

It is the time required for water to travel from the most hydraulically remote point in the basin to the basin outlet.

A

Time of concentration

33
Q

It is the time between the center of mass of the effective rainfall hyetograph and the center of mass of the direct runoff hydrograph

A

Lag time

34
Q

It is the duration of the direct runoff hydrograph

A

Time base

35
Q

Effective rainfall is also known as

A

Excess rainfall

36
Q

Amount of rainfall that becomes the direct runoff at the watershed outlet

A

Excess rainfall or effective rainfall

37
Q

Result of the total or gross rainfall after losses(infiltration and absorb by the soil and rainfall stored in depressions) are deducted

A

Excess rainfall or effective rainfall

38
Q

Hydrograph was made of

A

Overland flow, interflow, and baseflow

39
Q

Direct runoff hydrograph from a unit excess precipitation that occurs uniformly over a basin

A

Unit hydrograph

40
Q

A chart or function describing the temporal distribution of precipitation during a storm event, at a point or over an area

A

Hyetograph

41
Q

The science and practice of water flow measurement

A

Hydrometry

42
Q

Measurement of the elevation and depth of features of the earth’s surface

A

Hypsometry

43
Q

Control structures in canals or streams

A

Weirs

44
Q

The following is not a direct stream flow determination technique
A. Dilution method
B. Ultrasonic method
C. Area-velocity method
D. Slope-area method
E. None of the above

A

D. Slope area method

45
Q

Direct runoff is composed of

A

Surface runoff
Prompt interflow
Channel precipitation

46
Q

The term base flow denotes

A. Delayed groundwater flow reaching a stream
B. Delayed groundwater flow and snowmelt reaching a stream
C. Delayed groundwater and interflow
E. None of the above

A

A. Delayed groundwater flow reaching a stream

47
Q

A stream that carries water a considerable portion of the time, but that ceases to flow occasionally or seasonally because bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed the available water supply

A

Intermittent stream

48
Q

A stream channel that carries water only during and immediately after periods of rainfall or snowmelt

A

Ephemeral stream

49
Q

A stream that contains water at all times except during extreme drought

A

Perennial stream

50
Q

An intermittent stream
A. Has water table above the stream bed through out the year
B. Has only flash flows in response to storms
C. Has flows in the stream during wet season due to contribution of groundwater
D. Does not have any contribution of groundwater at any time
E. None of the above

A

C. Has flows in the stream during wet season due to contribution of groundwater

51
Q

In a watershed,
A. Faster peak flows occur in flat watershed than in steep watershed
B. Faster time to peak flows occur in an elongated watershed than circular watershed
C. Longer time to peak flows occur in watershed with dense drainage than in less dense drainage
D. Larger watershed produces larger runoff than smaller watershed
E. Storm moving towards upstream produces larger streamflow and shorter time to peak than storm moving towards downstream

A

D. Larger watershed produces larger runoff than smaller watershed

52
Q

In the hydrological cycle the average residence time
of water in the global
a. Atmospheric moisture is larger than that in
global rivers
b. Oceans is smaller than that of the global
groundwater
c. Rivers is larger than that of the global
groundwater
d. Oceans is larger than that of the global ground
water

A

b. Oceans is smaller than that of the global
groundwater

53
Q

A graduated scale placed in a position so that
the stage of a stream may be read directly
therefrom.
a. Staff gauge
b. Current meter
c. Wire-weight gauge
d. Measuring stick
e. None of the above

A

a. Staff gauge

54
Q

Unit hydrograph is made of

A

Direct runoff only

55
Q

For a given storm, assuming other factors remain
constant
a. Basin having low drainage density give smaller peaks in flood hydrograph
b. Basin with large drainage densities give smaller
flood peaks
c. Low drainage density basins give shorter time
bases of hydrograph
d. Flood peak is independent of the drainage density
e. Large drainage density basins produce longer time
bases of hydrograph

A

a. Basin having low drainage density give smaller peaks in flood hydrograph

56
Q

A unit hydrograph has one unit of

A

Direct runoff

CLSU Abele Review (1 decks)

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