Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HYDROLOGY > HYDROLOGY AND PRECIPITATION > Flashcards

HYDROLOGY AND PRECIPITATION Flashcards

1
Q

the science that treats the waters of the earth, their occurrence, circulation and distribution, their chemical and physical properties, and their reaction with their environment, including their relation to living things.

A

HYDROLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a “calling requiring specialized knowledge, which has as its prime purpose the rendering of a public service”

A

HYDROLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Average travel time for water to pass through a subsystem of the hydrologic cycle

A

RESIDENCE TIME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the dropping of water from the atmosphere on the earth in the form of rain, snow, mist, and other forms that are helpful to humans measured in terms of depth on a horizontal land surface.

A

PRECIPITATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The amount of precipitation that fell on a certain day, month, or year

A

DAILY, MONTHLY, OR YEARLY RAINFALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

counts the phenomena from cloud formation through their occurrence on the ground, while hydrology deals with the phenomena once the precipitation reaches the ground.

A

METROLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FORMS OF PRECIPITATION

A

LIQUID PRECIPITATION
SOLID-STATE PRECIPITATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

refers torainfall, which is the most important form of precipitation regarding an agricultural concern.

A

LIQUID PRECIPITATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Based on the intensity the rains are classified into the following three forms:

A
  1. LIGHT RAIN (TRACE TO 2.5 MM/H
  2. MODERATE RAIN (2.5 MM/H TO 7.5 MM/H
  3. HEAVY RAIN (>7.5 MM/H
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

also known as frozen precipitation

A

SOLID STATE PRECIPITATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SOLID STATE PRECIPITATION IS GENERALLY FOUND IN THE FOLLOWING FORMS

A
  1. Glaze
  2. Sleet
  3. Snow
  4. Hail
  5. Drizzle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When rain or drizzle comes in contact with cold ground at around 0º C, the water drops freeze to form an ice coating called glaze or freezing rain.

A

GLAZE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

It is frozen raindrops of transparent grains which form when rain falls through air at subfreezing temperature.

A

SLEET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In Britain, sleet denotes

A

PRECIPITATION OF SNOW AND RAIN SIMULTANEOUSLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

another important form of precipitation. It consists of ice crystals which usually combine to form flakes. When fresh, snow has an initial density varying from 0.06 to 0.15 g/cm3 and it is usual to assume an average density of 0.1 g/ cm3.

A

SNOW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a showery precipitation in the form of irregular pellets or lumps of ice of size more than 8 mm

occur in violent thunderstorms in which vertical currents are very strong.

A

HAIL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A fine sprinkle of numerous water droplets of size less than 0.5 mm and intensity less than 1 mm/h

A

DRIZZLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TYPES OF PRECIPITATION

A

CONVECTIVE PRECIPITATION
OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION
CYCLONIC PRECIPITATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PROCESS OF PRECIPITATION

A

BERGERON PROCESS
COALESCENCE PROCESS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

typically measured in terms of depth and intensity for hydrological analysis.

A

RAINFALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

quantified in terms of daily rainfall, which is then transformed to monthly, yearly, and so on to describe the temporal distribution of the rainfall. It is measured in mm.

A

RAINFALL DEPTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

he rate at which rainwater falls over the ground surface, often represented in mm per hour (mm/h).

determined by the slope of the mass curve at any given period.

A

RAINFALL INTENSITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MEASUREMENT OF PRECIPITATION

A

RAINFALL
SNOWFALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

an instrument, used for measuring the depth of precipitation at a particular point and time falling over the land surface

A

RAIN GAUGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Rain gauges are classified into two following categories-
1. NON-RECORDING TYPE RAIN GAUGE 2. RECORDING TYPE RAIN GAUGE
26
NON-RECORDING TYPE RAIN GAUGE
SYMON TYPE RAIN GAUGE
27
RECORDING TYPE RAIN GAUGE
WEIGHING TYPE RAIN GAUGE TIPPING BUCKET TYPE RAIN GAUGE FLOAT TYPE RAIN GAUGE TELEMETERING RAIN GAUGES
28
This type of rain gauge only records rainfall depth and does not indicate rainfall time. Manual observations are taken at the end of the 24 hours.
NON-RECORDING TYPE
29
a non-recording rain gauge that comprises a cylindrical vessel with a diameter of 12.7 cm, a funnel with an internal diameter of 12.7 cm, and a receiving bottle
SYMONS TYPE RAIN GAUGE
30
The gauge is installed 30.5 cm above the ground surface, vertically on the masonry foundation.
SYMONS TYPE RAIN GAUGE
31
often known as automated, integrated, or self-recording rain gauges.
RECORDING TYPE
32
the gathered rainwater is not measured by the graduated cylinder in this rain gauge but is instead recorded automatically by a mechanical mechanism included in the device. A rain gauge chart is wrapped around a clockwise spinning drum on which rainfall depth vs. time is recorded as a curve called a "mass-curve."
RECORDING TYPE
33
Using mass-curve, the following information can be furnished:
1. Depth of rainfall at any time. 2. The intensity of rainfall at any time during the rainfall. 3. The onset of rainfall. 4. Cessation of rainfall.
34
a typical rain gauge that is used to measure rainfall and moderate snowfall. It expresses the depth of snowfall in terms of equivalent rainfall depth that is made up of a receiver or bucket that is kept on the platform and is balanced by a spring or lever.
WEIGHING TYPE RAIN GAUGE
35
a rain gauge that is powered by electricity. It's used to keep track of rainfall in remote places. It comprises a funnel inside a 300 mm diameter sharp-edged cylindrical receiver
TIPPING BUCKET TYPE RAIN GAUGE
36
The siphon type rain gauge is another name for it. When it rains, the rainwater flows over a 127 mm funnel that is kept over the float chamber and is eventually gathered in the float chamber.
FLOAT TYPE RAIN GAUGE
37
These rain gauges are of the recording type and contain electronic units to transmit the data on rainfall to a base station both at regular intervals and on interrogation.
TELEMETERING RAIN GAUGE
38
used to determine the storm's magnitude, area, orientation, and velocity.
RADAR
39
It is based on the echo-sounding idea. Electromagnetic signals are blasted into the sky at a high speed, equal to the speed of light, to monitor rainfall.
WEATHER RADAR
40
a specific type of rain gauge that forecasts rainfall information through a radio transmitter at a predetermined time. It is used to measure rainfall in inaccessible and distant catchment areas.
AUTOMATIC RADIO-REPORTING RAIN GAUGE
41
They detect the presence of clouds in the sky, which is linked to the amount of precipitation detected by rain gauges.
RAINFALL MEASUREMENT BY SATELLITE
42
as a form of precipitation differs from rainfall in that it may accumulate over a surface for some time before it melts and causes runoff
SNOWFALL
43
an important indicator for many engineering applications and in hydrology which is useful for seasonal precipitation and long-term runoff forecasts.
DEPTH OF SNOWFALL
44
the depth of water that would result in melting of a unit of snow. This parameter is important in assessing the seasonal water resources of a catchment as well as in estimates of stream flow and floods due to melting of snow.
WATER EQUIVALENT OF SNOW
45
Water equivalent snow is obtained in two ways:
SNOW GAUGES SNOW TUBES
46
Are receptacles to catch precipitation as it falls in a specified sampling area.
SNOW GAUGES
47
Water equivalent of accumulated snow is measured by means of snow tubes which are essentially a set of telescopic metal tubes.
SNOW TUBES
48
It is absolutely essential to design a proper network of rain gauges in a given catchment to collect the necessary precipitation data. These are often used to provide estimates of area average rainfall or point rainfall at ungauged locations. The level of accuracy a network can be achieved depends on the total number and locations of gauges in the network
RAIN GAUGE NETWORK
49
MEANING OF WMO
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
50
PRESENTATION OF RAINFALL DATA
MASS CURVE OF RAINFALL HYETOGRAPH POINT RAINFALL
51
is a plot of the accumulated precipitation against time, plotted in chronological order.
MASS CURVE OF RAINFALL
52
are very useful in extracting theinformation on the duration and magnitude of a storm.
MASS CURVE OF RAINFALL
53
plot of the intensity of rainfall against the time interval.
HYETOGRAPH
54
is derived from the mass curve and is usually represented as a bar chart. It is a very convenient way of representing the characteristics of a storm and is particularly important in the development of design storms to predict extreme floods.
HYETOGRAPH
55
Also known as station rainfall refers to the rainfall data of a station.
POINT RAINFALL
56
Depending upon the need, data can be listed as daily, weekly, monthly, seasonal or annual values for various periods. Graphically, these data are represented as plots of magnitude vs. chronological time in the form of a bar diagram.
POINT RAINFALL
57
This is often discerned by the method of moving averages, also known as moving means.
POINT RAINFALL
58
ESTIMATION OF MEAN RAINFALL
1. ARITHMETIC MEAN METHOD 2. THEISSEN POLYGEN METHOD 3. ISOHYETAL METHOD
59
It is the simplest method for computing the mean areal precipitation. It consists of computing the mean value of measured rainfall of various rain gauge stations of the watershed.
ARITHMETIC MEAN METHOD
60
In this method, the mean aerial precipitation is computed by weighing the rainfall depth with the area of the polygon of the respective rain gauge station. Due to this reason, sometimes this method is also known as a weighed mean method.
THEISSEN POLYGEN METHOD
61
It gives a more reliable estimate of mean areal rainfall as compared to the other two methods, described above. In this method, isolates are drawn by joining the points of equal rainfall depths on the base map of the catchment.
ISOHYETAL METHOD
62
The probability of occurrence of an event in this series is studied by
FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
63
For a rainfall of a given duration, the average depth of rainfall decreases with increase in area,
DEPTH AREA RELATION
64
For a rainfall of a given area, the depth of rainfall water increase with the duration of rainfall
DURATION-DEPTH RELATION
65
The development of relationship, between maximum depth-area-duration for a region
DAD ANALYSIS - DEPTH-AREA-DURATION
66
It is greatest storm which is physically possible with considering most favorable hydrological conditions Used in design of large hydraulic structures like spillways
PROBABLE MAXIMUM PRECIPITATION

HYDROLOGY (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions