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PART 2 > Hydrology > Flashcards

Hydrology Flashcards

1
Q

Actual velocity of flow and discharge is _____ (synonymous, not) for groundwater hydrology

A

Not.

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2
Q

What is a water table aquifer

A

Unconfined aquifer

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3
Q

Storativity is synonymous to storage coefficient, true or false.

A

True

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4
Q

Hydraulic conductivity = permeability,. True or false

A

True

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5
Q

Artesian aquifer = confined aquifer, true or false

A

True

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6
Q

Formula for discharge velocity

A

V = K i = K ((H2-H1)/L)

K- coefficient of permeability or hydraulic conductivity
i- hydraulic gradient

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7
Q

Formula for actual is

A

Vact = V / n

V-discharge velocity
n- porosity

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8
Q

Darcy’s law is valid in porous media flow if the Reynold’s number is less than unity. This Reynolds number is defined as…

A

(Discharge velocity X average grain size)/u

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9
Q

The flow capacity if an aquifer per unit width under unit hydraulic gradient and is equal to the product of permeability times the saturated thickness of the aquifer.

A

Transmissibility

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10
Q

When there is an increase in the atmospheric pressure, the water level in a well penetrating a confined aquifer will _____. (Decrease, increase?)

A

Decrease

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11
Q

It is the discharge per unit drawdown at the well

A

Specific capacity

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12
Q

Maximum head of shallow wells

A

6m

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13
Q

Beyond 6m well is called

A

Deep wells

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14
Q

The overall instantaneous condition of the atmosphere at a certain place and time

A

Weather

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15
Q

Layer of the atmosphere where all weather occurs, it is where 4/5 of the clouds located

A

Troposphere, lowest location

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16
Q

Temperature at which saturation occurs.

A

Dew point

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17
Q

Mean atmospheric pressure at sea level is

A

1 atm, 14.7 psi, 760 mmHg, and 1013.25mb(millibar)

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18
Q

For unconfined aquifer, the storage coefficient is equal to ___

A

Specific yield

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19
Q

Light steady rain in fine drops that are < 0.5mm in size and intensity of < 1mm/hr.

A

Drizzle

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20
Q

It is the zone of low pressure area with anticlockwise winds in the northern hemisphere.

A

Tropical cyclone, clockwise in southern hemisphere

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21
Q

Is occurs due to air masses being lifted to higher altitudes by the presence of mountain barriers

A

Orographic precipitation

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22
Q

A plot between rainfall intensity vs. time is called.

A

Hyetograph.

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23
Q

What do you call the mountain side, with reference to the wind direction, in which the air mass passing through it is cold and dry.

A

Leeward or rainshadow area

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24
Q

Total water lost from a cropped or irrigated land due to evaporation from the soil and transpiration by the plants or used by the plants in building up of plants tissue.

A

Evapotranspiration

Consumptive use is collectively called evapotranspiration

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25
Q

The recommended standard method for the definition and computation of the reference evapotranspiration.

A

FAO Penman- monteith

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26
Q

Data compilation method for frequency analysis where all values above a given base are chosen regardless of the nom within a given period.

A

Partial duration series

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27
Q

The average interval of time within the magnitude of given event will be equalled or exceeded at least on the average.

A

Return period

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28
Q

Hat is the color rainfall warning if the observed rainfall is 7.5 mm to 15mm within 1 hr.

A

Yellow rainfall warning, Heavy rainfall

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29
Q

What rainfall intensity if less than 2 t.5mm observed in 1 hr and expected to continue in the next 2 hrs.

A

Light rainfall

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30
Q

What rainfall intensity if 2 5mm to 7.5mm rainfall is observed in 1 hr and expected to continue in the next 2 hrs.

A

Moderate rainfall

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31
Q

What color rainfall warning if the observed rainfall is 15mm to 30mm within 1 hr.

A

Orange rainfall warning, intense rainfall

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32
Q

What color rainfall warning if the observed rainfall is greater than 30 mm within 1 hr and greater than 65mm for the past 3 hrs.

A

Red rainfall warning, torrential rainfall

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33
Q

A rain gauge that measures very small amounts of precipitation

A

Obmrometer

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34
Q

The greatest distance at which an observer can see and identify prominent objects

A

Horizontal visibility

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35
Q

Air in motion relative to the Earth’s surface

A

Wind

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36
Q

It measured wind speed

A

Anemometer

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37
Q

It measures the vapor content of the atmosphere

A

Hygrometer

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38
Q

In synoptic weather stations, wind vector is measured ______ above the ground surface

A

10 m

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39
Q

Rain bearing clouds

A

Any cloud classification that has nimbos in its name.

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40
Q

A general name for any instrument used to measure the intensity of radiant energy from the sun.

A

Actinometer

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41
Q

Measures the specific gravity and liquid density

A

Hydrometer

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42
Q

An actinometer that measures the intensity of direct solar radiation

A

Pyrheliometer

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43
Q

An actinometer that measures global radiation, the combined intensity of direct solar radiation and diffuse sky radiation.

A

Pyranometer

44
Q

Actinometer that measures the effective terrestrial radiation

A

Pyrgeometer

45
Q

A type of actinometer, an instrument that measures the intensity if radiant energy by employing a thermally sensitive electrical resistor

A

Bolometer

46
Q

An instrument for measuring the ultraviolet in solar and sky radiation

A

Dosimeter

47
Q

An instrument for measuring the luminance, luminous intensity or illuminance of a light source

A

Ohotometer

48
Q

An instrument that measures radiated electromagnetic power

A

Radiometer

49
Q

The lead time for a TCWS#5 is

A

12 hrs

50
Q

The ratio of the mass of water vapor in a given volume of air to the mass of dry air.

A

Mising ratio

51
Q

In calculating ET using FAO Penman-monteith model, wind speed measurement should be taken ______ above the ground

A

2m

52
Q

The envelope of gasses that surround a planet and are held to it by the planet’s gravitational attraction

A

Atmosphere

53
Q

Transition zone between two distinct air masses

A

Front

54
Q

When the air has the same characteristics in terms of temperature and density, it is called?

A

Air masses

55
Q

At 20 degrees Celsius, the required amount of energy to vaporize 1kg of water is

A

2.54 KJ

56
Q

Term synonymous to return period is

A

Recurrence interval

57
Q

Rainfall reading of less than 1/100 of an inch(0.01in) or 1/10 of a millimeter(0.1mm)

A

Trace

58
Q

An increase in air temperature with height

A

Inversion. (Inverse kasi as height increases the temperature decreases (usual).

59
Q

Inversion happens in what level of atmosphere

A

Stratosphere

60
Q

A line that connects points of equal elevation above a reference level, most often sea level

A

Contour

61
Q

A line that connects points of equal rainfall

A

Isohyet

62
Q

A line that connects points of equal pressure

A

Isobar

63
Q

The process of water lost from adjacent soil, water surfaces and leaf surfaces

A

Evaporation

64
Q

Water loss through stomata

A

Transpiration

65
Q

Evaporation gauge is synonymous to

A

Atmometer, evaporimeter, and atmidometer

66
Q

Maximum sustained winds are_____

A

10 min. average of wind measured 10m above the ground.

67
Q

Refers to an increase in the primary productivity
of any ecosystem caused by the increase of
chemical nutrients, typically compounds of N & P

A

Ecological succession or Eutrophication

68
Q

Ecological succession

b. Eutrophication

A

Weather

69
Q

the total weather condition of an area as
generalized over a long period of time, i.e. seasons,
years, decades

A

Climate

70
Q

atmospheric condition over a short duration,
particularly the combination of heat, moisture and wind
characteristics of the atmosphere in a day

A

Weather

71
Q

fraction of the incident radiation that is reflected by

an object

A

Albedo

72
Q

Stronger high and low tides
• During new and full moon (earth, moon and sun are
parallel or in-line)
• Moon’s pull is supplemented or offset by sun’s gravity

A

Spring Tide

73
Q

Smaller high and low tides
• Moon is in the 1st and 3rd quarter (forms 900with the sun)
• Moon’s pull is stronger but the sun’s gravity lessens it.

A

Neap Tide

74
Q

The kind of climate that prevail over a large

region of the earth’s surface.

A

Macroclimate

75
Q

areas up to several square miles (e.g.
river valleys, mountain areas, basins &
watersheds, shores, urban areas)

A

Mesoclimate

76
Q

over short distances, or within few feet or
inches (e.g. streets, immediate plant
surroundings, garden plot

A

Microclimate

77
Q

The level/zone of the atmosphere which
contains 4/5 of its mass and where most
clouds form

A

Troposphere

78
Q

When the incoming radiation from the sun
strikes an obstruction in the atmosphere, it
becomes

A

Long wave radiation

79
Q

Most of the sun’s radiation is____

A

reach the earth’s surface, around 47%

80
Q

The additional force or acceleration acting on
the motion of bodies in a rotating system of
reference

A

Coriolis effect

81
Q

The Philippines is under what type of

climate?

A

Tropical

82
Q

These are large scale seasonal winds and are
the seasonal version of diurnal land and sea
breeze.

A

Monsoon

83
Q

Winds that blow westward and toward the
equator in both northern and southern
hemisphere.

A

Trade winds

84
Q

Fronts that move in such a way that
the warm air advances and the cold
air retreats.

A

Warm front

85
Q

are air-mass boundaries that lie along line of

low pressure

A

Fronts

85
Q

are air-mass boundaries that lie along line of

low pressure

A

Fronts

86
Q

the cold air
advances and the warm
air retreats

A

Cold Front

87
Q

combination
of the warm and cold front,
where cold air overtakes and
lifts the warm front

A

Occluded Front

88
Q

temporarily
fixed boundary between polar
and tropical air
masses

A

Stationary Front

89
Q

It is an atmospheric zone near the equator
where the north and south trade winds meet,
varying in position and extent according to
the season.

A

ITCZ

90
Q

Oceanic and atmospheric phenomenon
characterized by unusually warm ocean
current conditions causing climatic
disturbances of varying severity.

A

El Niño

91
Q 
A requisite for the occurrence of a
tornado
a. Wide flat land
b. Low pressure area
c. Warm front
d. Presence of mountains
A

a. Wide flat land

warm moist air in the lower atmosphere
much colder and drier air aloft
✓ wide land
✓ something to give the air near the ground an upward shove.
(often this is heated air that wants to rise, because
it’s lighter that the surrounding air

92
Q

An instrument use to measure continuous

record of air temperature.

A

Thermograph

93
Q

the study of animal and plant life cycle as

affected by seasonal variations of climate

A

Phenology

94
Q

Is the temperature at which the air, if cooled,

will attain saturation.

A

Dew point temperature

95
Q

Is the primary cause of condensation and,
hence, is responsible for most precipitation. It
results mainly from expansion of air mass
produced from a decrease in atmospheric
pressure.

A

Adiabatic cooling

96
Q

These are the initial process in the formation of precipitation

A

condensation or sublimation of atmospheric moisture

97
Q

results mainly from expansion of air mass which

results from a decrease in atmospheric pressure

A

Adiabatic cooling

98
Q

triggered primarily
by the upward or vertical motion of air
masses

A

Adiabatic cooling

99
Q

results from the
differential heating of air masses near the
ground surface resulting in the upward
movement of warmer air masses.

A

Convective precipitation

100
Q 
Moist air masses moving 
over mountain barriers are 
cooled, resulting in 
condensation and 
precipitation
A

Orographic precipitation

101
Q

Are associated with the movement of air masses due

to differences in barometric pressure

A

cyclonic precipitation

102
Q

A type of weir used when accurate

measurement of low streamflow is required

A

Sharp-crested

103
Q

weir cross-sections that is

appropriate for high streamflow

A

Rectangular

104
Q

An artificial open channel built to contain and
measure streamflow and appropriate for
sediment-laden flows.

A

Flume

PART 2 (1 decks)

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