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geography river's topic > hydrological cycle > Flashcards

hydrological cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a closed system in terms of the hydrological cycle?

A

a closed system means there is a fixed amount of water because it doesn’t leave or enter the earth and its atmosphere.

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2
Q

what is it called where water is held?

A

stores

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3
Q

name the 3 stores of water

A
  • the atmosphere
  • the land
  • the sea
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4
Q

when water moves from the different stores what is it called?

A

transfers

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5
Q

where does the water in the atmosphere go?

A

it exists either as water vapour or as minute droplets in clouds

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6
Q

where does the water in land stored?

A

water can be stored on the surface of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. its stored in vegetation and below ground known as groundwater store. it can also be stored in ice, snow and glaciers.

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7
Q

how much of the earths water is held in the sea?

A

95%

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8
Q

list the different transfers of water?

A
  • evaporation
  • transpiration
  • evapotranspiration
  • condensation
  • precipitation
  • overland flow
  • infiltration and percolation
  • throughflow
  • groundwater flow
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9
Q

whats evaporation?

A

the heat of the sun turns water into gas this takes place of the surface of the sea, rivers and lakes

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10
Q

what is transpiration?

A

plants take up liquid water from the soil and breathe it into the atmosphere as water vapour

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11
Q

whats evapotranspiration?

A

the loss of moisture from the ground by direct evaporation

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12
Q

whats condensation?

A

when water vapour cools and becomes liquid the liquid takes the form of water droplets and appears as clouds

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13
Q

whats precipitation?

A

the transfers of water from the atmosphere to the land or sea surface

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14
Q

whats over land flow ?

A

when water enters a stream, lake, or lake

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15
Q

what is infiltration and percolation?

A

transfer of water through rock and soil into groundwater stores?

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16
Q

what is throughflow?

A

when water moves through the soil until it reaches a stream or river

17
Q

what is groundwater flow ?

A

underground transfers of water to rivers lakes and sea

18
Q

whats a drainage basin?

A

its an open system which hold water

19
Q

what are the inputs of drainage basins?

A
  • energy from the sun

- precipitation from moisture

20
Q

what are the outputs of drainage basin?

A
  • rivers discharge

- evaporation and transpiration

21
Q

whats the difference from a permeable and impermeable rock?

A

permeable=absorb water- little run off

impermeanble=waterproof-rapid run off

22
Q

what is lag time?

A

the time from when water hits the ground to when it enters a stream

23
Q

whats the base flow

A

normal amount of discharge

24
Q

what is storm flow

A

additional amount of discharge after a rainstorm

25
Q

what affects river regimes

A
  • the intensity of rainfall
  • temperature
  • steepness
  • rock type
  • vegetation and land use
  • human inventions
26
Q

what 3 processes of rivers shape landforms

A

erosion transport and deposition

27
Q

how does weathering cause mass movement

A

weathering breaks down rocks and causes them to decay and disintegrate. plant roots grown into rocks which eventually causes them to split. the weathered material starts to move downstream under gravity. this is mass movement

28
Q

what is hydraulic action

A

when water hits banks the such force that it breaks down the material and caries it away

29
Q

what is abrasion

A

the material carried downstream rubs the bottom of the river bed which widens and deepens the channel

30
Q

what is corrosion

A

minerals in rocks are dissolved by the water flowing past them

31
Q

what is the load

A

the material washed into the river.

32
Q

what is deposition

A

material laying down at the bottom of the river

33
Q

what can affect deposition

A

decrease in energy, speed and discharge

34
Q

describe upper land characteristics of a river

A

its steep and v shaped . theres waterfalls, gorges and interlocking spurs. formed by erosion.

35
Q

how is a waterfall formed

A

when there is hard rock on top of soft rock below the soft rock gets eroded and water falls over the head rock which forms a gorge below it

36
Q

describe low land characteristics of a river

A

the valley becomes wider, deeper and smoother. the river velocity and discharge increase. there is lateral erosion. there is a lot of deposition.

37
Q

how is an oxbow lake formed

A

when a river erodes laterally it deposits material at the side of the bend. once the curve gets cut by the amount of deposition it forms an oxbow lake

38
Q

what percentage of water is fresh water

A

3%

39
Q

what is fresh water needed for

A
  • domestic use
  • industrial use
  • agricultural use
  • leisure use

geography river's topic (2 decks)

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