Hydrologic Cycle and Rivers

Question 1

Hydrologic Cycle

Answer 1

Is the cycle of water that enters on land and returns back to the atmosphere

Question 2

Hydrologic Cycle

Answer 2

1. Evaporation ( lake, rivers)
2. Condensation (Clouds)
3. Percipitation (rain, snow, sleet)
4. Ground water (aquifer, rivers, traspiration– water vapor)

Question 3

Drainage Basins

Answer 3

area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outletThis is what feeds river systemsDrainage basins are separated by divides

Question 4

What is an example of a drainage basin?

Answer 4

Mississippi River Drainage Basin System (outlet to the Gulf of Mexico) 40% of US water flow

Question 5

The Great Lakes Watershed

Answer 5

33 million ppl
Minnesota, Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, NY)

Question 6

How does water flow thorough topography lows?

Answer 6

downhill

Question 7

What is watershed?

Answer 7

The area of landwhere all the waterthat is under it ordrains off goes into the same place

Question 8

RIVERS- flow

Answer 8

Drainage basins, watersheds, rivers

Question 9

River Flows

Answer 9

Laminer Flow (Slow)
Turbulent Flow (Fast)

Question 10

How is the flow of velocity controlled?

Answer 10

Gradient = slope
* Channel size, shape,roughness
* Discharge = headwater amount

Question 11

What is steam erosion

Answer 11

Increase discharge (amount of water)= higher velocity - turbulence = more sediment transportaiton

Question 12

Sediments in order - Erosion

Answer 12

Gravel (large), sand, silt, clay (Small)

Question 13

Sediment Sorting

Answer 13

Stream slows down (delta/mouth)
* Largest sediment depositsfirst
* Smallest sediment settles last* Particle size decreases away from shore

Question 14

Conglomerate Rocks

Answer 14

Sand and gravel

Question 15

Sandstone rocks

Answer 15

sand

Question 16

Shale

Answer 16

slit and clay

Question 17

What are 3 areas of a river

Answer 17

Erosion, Transportation, Deposition

Question 18

Type of river areas

Answer 18

Erosion - headwaters
Transportation – trunk of stream
Deposition – mouth

Question 19

What is erosion and deposition

Answer 19

Erosion - movement of sediments (wind, water)
Deposition - sediments are deposited or dropped off at a different location

Question 20

Rivers- Headwaters (TOP)

Answer 20

• erosion happens here
• steeper slopes= faster water flow and higher energy
• more energy to transport sediment

Question 21

Rivers - zone of transportation (MIDDLE)

Answer 21

• stream’s profile
• balance b/w erosion and deposition
• transportation happens
• intermediate speeds give more energy to mode sediment but not erode NEW sediment
  ex. yellow stone

Question 22

Rivers- MOUTH END, BOTTOM

Answer 22

• zone of deposition
• river reaches ocean, lake (outlet)
• less energy, deposition occurs (large sediment first)

Question 23

DELTA SYSTEMS

Answer 23

wetlands that form as rivers empty their water and sediment into another body of water (oceans, lakes)

Question 24

RIVER CHANNELS

Answer 24

Alluvial channels
bedrock channels

Question 25

alluvial channels

Answer 25

Zone of transportation and deposition
* River flowing through unconsolidated sediment
* Meandering channels
* Braided channels

Question 26

alluvial - meandering channel

Answer 26

• cut banks - high erosion (out)
• point bars - course deposition (in)

Question 27

alluvial raided rivers

Answer 27

sand and gravel
variable dicharge
wide and shallow

Question 28

RIVER V VALLYS- deepening

Answer 28

Valley deepening

Eroding along the base
* V-Shaped valleys
* Continues until base level is reached

Question 29

RIVER VALLEY WIDENING

Answer 29

Once near base level
* Erosion along sides
* Meandering rivers*
Creates a floodplain
* Erodes down until reachesbase level