Hydrogen Halides Flashcards

1
Q

Give equation for atom economy

A

Molar mass of useful product

Total molar mass of starting materials X100

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2
Q

Greater atom economy means…

A

Less waste

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3
Q

What is atom economy if there is 1 product in reaction?

A

100%

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4
Q

How is can hydrogen chloride be prepared?

A
  • by reacting NaCl with H2SO4 to produce NaHSO4 and HCl
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5
Q

What is observed when HCl is produced from reacting sodium chloride and an acid?

A

White fumes

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6
Q

Why can HCl be prepared using sodium chloride, but HBr can’t be prepared using sodium bromide?

A
  • bromide ions are stronger reducing agents that chloride ions
  • reduce sulfuric acid to sulphur dioxide
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7
Q

What is produced when NaBr reacts with H2SO4?

A

SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O

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8
Q

How can hydrogen bromide be prepared?

A

Concentrated phosphoric acid is used, will not be reduced by bromide ions

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9
Q

How can hydrogen iodide be prepared?

A
  • using concentrated phosphoric acid, will not be reduced by iodide ions
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10
Q

What is produced when NaI reacts with H2SO4?

A

H2S + 4I2 + 4H2O

Hydrogen sulfate smells of rotten eggs

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11
Q

What trends can be seen down the group of hydrogen halides in thermal stability and why?

A
  • decreases down group (HI breaks down at lower temp than HF)
  • hydrogen - halide bond enthalpy decreases down group
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12
Q

When heated in laboratory, what does HF do?

A

Does not decompose

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13
Q

When heated in laboratory, what does HCl do?

A

Does no decompose

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14
Q

When heated in lab, what does HBr do?

A

Partially decomposes with strong heating

- brown Br2 gas given off

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15
Q

When heated in lab what does HI do?

A
  • large amounts of violet gas produced when hot needle plunged in HI gas
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16
Q

Are hydrogen halides acidic in solution and why

A

Yes, they contain H+(aq) ions

17
Q

Which is the stronger acid, HF or HI?

A

HI

- HF only partly dissociates due to strong bonds

18
Q

What is produced when hydrogen halides react with ammonia?

A

Salts are produced, and white fumes