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inorganic chemistry 2 > hydrogen chp 10 > Flashcards

hydrogen chp 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

The proton, H+

A

the high charge/radius ratio,
hard acid,
highly polarizing
very strong Lewis acid,
attacking atoms or molecules such as He
or H2
, to form HHe+ or H3
+ in the gas phase

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2
Q

The proton, H+
polarizing or polarizability

A

polarizing

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3
Q
  • The hydride ion, H-
    polarizing or polarizability
A

Highly polarizable
The radius depends on the atom attached

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4
Q

Properties and reactions of hydrogen 1A

A

It has one valence electron, however, it has
higher ionization energy (1312 kJ/mol), it is not a metal

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5
Q

Properties and reactions of hydrogen 17A

A

it can gain one electron forming hydride,
however, it has lower electron affinity (73 kJ/mol).

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6
Q

BP high or low

A

H2 has weak intermolecular forces, therefore its b.p is 20 K

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7
Q

Bond enthalpy and bond length

A

High bond enthalpy (436 kJ/mol)
short bond length (74 pm)

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8
Q

Homolytic dissociation

A

H2
(g) -> H(g) + H(g) rH = +436 kJ/mol

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9
Q

Heterolytic dissociation

A

H2 (g)-> H+ (g) + H- (g) rH = +1675 kJ/mol

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10
Q

Activation energy

A

high

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11
Q

rxn w/02

A

2H2
(g) + O2
(g) -> 2H2O(g) rH = - 242 kJ/mol

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12
Q

inert molecule

A

reactions require catalyst or initiations by radicals

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13
Q

saline hydrides

A

li
na
k
rb
cs
mg
ca
sr
ba

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14
Q

intermediate hydrides

A

cu
zn

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15
Q

molecular hydrides

A

be
+
all non-metals

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16
Q

metallic hydrides

A

sc ti v cr - - - ni
y zr nb - - - - pd
la hf ta

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17
Q

unknown hyrdies

A

8A

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18
Q

saline

A

H+ s block

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19
Q

molecular

A

H+ Be+ p block

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20
Q

metallic

A

H+ d-block
H+ f block

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21
Q

molecular hydrides bond

A

covalent

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22
Q

saline hydrides property

A

non-volatile
con-conductive

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23
Q

metallic hydrides property

A

non-stoichiometric
conducting

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24
Q

Complex ion formation

A

BH4–> tetrahydrate borate-> borohydrate
AlH4–> tetrahydrate aluminate-> aliminium hydrate

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25
Q

1A+H delta G formation

A

aşağı indikçe artar
less negative

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26
Q

2A+H delta G formation

A

aşağı indikçe azalır more negative

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27
Q

3A+H delta G formation

A

B2H6

28
Q

4A+H delta G formation

A

aşağı indikçe artar

29
Q

5A+H delta G formation

A

aşağı indikçe artar

30
Q

6A+H delta G formation

A

H20
-277 çok düşük

31
Q

7A+H delta G formation

A

HF
-273 çok düşük

32
Q

p block+ H delta g form

A

for p block
E-H bond strength azalır
poor overlap between 1s orbital of +1 and diffuse s-porb of E

33
Q

d block+ H delta g form

A

metal hydrides
bond strength artar
better overlap h 1s+d of metal

34
Q

Reactions of binary compounds
E-H-> E+H
Similar electroneg
(hydrocarbon)

A

Homolytic dissociation
E-H-> E.+H.
(radical)
neutral

35
Q

Reactions of binary compounds
E-H-> E+H
e>h electroneg

A

bronsted acids
E-H-> E-+H+
protonic

36
Q

Reactions of binary compounds
E-H-> E+H
h>e elecctroneg

A

hydride transfer
E-H-> E++H-
hydric
nabh4

37
Q

tritium decomposition

A

3 3
H-> He+ beta-
1 2

38
Q

tritium produced

A

1 6 3
n+Li-> H+ 4He2
0 3 1

39
Q

isotopically subs molecules

A

h2 and d2
h2o d2o

40
Q

isotopically subs molecules bond enthalpy and bp

A

bond enthalpy artarsa bp artar
d2>h2
d2o>h2o

41
Q

nuclear fusion

A

2 3 4 1
H+ H-> He+ n+17.6 mev
1 1 2 0
not radioactive

42
Q

nuclear fission

A

235u+ n->187Te+ 97Zr
radioactive

43
Q

primary isotope effect
which is more fast
h2 or d2 formation

A

2h++ 2e- ->h2 (g) fast
2d++ 2e- ->d2 (g) fast

44
Q

secondary isotope effect
complex containing nh3 and complex containing nd3

A

d containing is faster
depends on the bond strength

45
Q

o,m,p H
mp & bp

A

o>p
para daha straigth hemen erir kaynar
ortho daha düzensiz daha zor

46
Q

o,m,p thermal conductivity

A

p>o
dümdüz iletir gibi düşün

47
Q

molecular hydrides
electron precise

A

no unpaired electron
ch4, sih4

48
Q

molecular hydrides
electron rich

A

unpaired e
nh3, h2o

49
Q

molecular hydrides
electron deficient

A

Bor
B2H6

50
Q

R3SnH+ R’X->R’H+ R3SnX
4A

A

C 2.5
Si 1,8
Ge 1,8
Sn 1,8
aşağı indikçe e neg azalır
e neg ne kadar farklıysa bond strength o kadar artar
aşağı indikçe bond strength azalır
benzer e neg olduğu için

51
Q

R3SnH+ R’X->R’H+ R3SnX
7A

A

F 4 no rxn
Cl 3 no rxn without heat or emr
Br 2,8 react spontanously at rt
I 2,5 react spontanously at rt

52
Q

sym H bonding
weak or strong

A

strong
H-F-H-F
113 pm 113 pm

53
Q

asym H bonding
weak or strong

A

weak
H-Cl-H-Cl
137 pm 135 pm

54
Q

clathrate hydrate

A

h2o containing
in complex molecules

55
Q

hydride gap

A

no metallic hydride formation in group7-8-9
act as catalyst

56
Q

Metallic hydride properties
conducivity of ch2x and ch3

A

ch2x conductor
ch3 insulator

57
Q

Hydrido H-
polarizability

A

high

58
Q

Hydrido H-
hard or soft

A

soft

59
Q

Hydrido H-
sigma donor
pi donor
pi acceptor?

A

sigma donor

60
Q

in e- poor metal (EWG)
H+ or H-

A

H+
EWG olduğu için withdrawladığını düşün

61
Q

in e- rich metal (EDG)
H+ or H-

A

H-
e- donate ettiğini düşün

62
Q

Homoleptic complex

A

only 1 type of ligand

63
Q

clathrate hydrates

A

consist of h bonded h2o cages around ions

64
Q

saline
polarizable or polarizing ability

A

high polarizability towards 1A 2A except be

65
Q

b(c2h5)3
b(ch3)3
LA or LB

A

LA
saline rxn addition to LA

66
Q

metallic hydride
stoic?

A

nonstoichiometry

67
Q
A

inorganic chemistry 2 (7 decks)

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