Hydrogen Bonds

Question 1

hydrogen bond

Answer 1

association between electronegative atom and atom attached to a 2nd relatively electronegative atom

Question 2

energies of H-bonds

Answer 2

electrostatic = attractive and directional
valence repulsion = cancels most electrostatic
induction = attractive
dispersion = attractive

Question 3

covalent radii

Answer 3

half of the internuclear separation between nuclei of 2 single-bonded bimolecular atoms

Question 4

van der Waals’ radii

Answer 4

space atom occupies when not bonded to another atom

Question 5

van der Waals’ volume

Answer 5

volume enclosed by van der Waals’ surface, smaller than total vdW volumes of all atoms involved due to overlap

Question 6

linear H-H bonds

Answer 6

gives furthest separation to minimise electron repulsion

Question 7

red shift

Answer 7

decrease of vibrational freq due to H-bonding