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Chemistry > Hydrogen > Flashcards

Hydrogen Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the symbol of hydrogen?

A

H

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2
Q

What is the atomic number of hydrogen?

A

1

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3
Q

What is the atomic mass of hydrogen?

A

1.008 u

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4
Q

What group does hydrogen belong to in the periodic table?

A

Group 1 (though it is unique and does not fully belong to any specific group)

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5
Q

What is the electron configuration of hydrogen?

A

1s¹

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6
Q

Is hydrogen a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?

A

Nonmetal

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7
Q

How many isotopes of hydrogen exist?

A

Three isotopes (Protium, Deuterium, Tritium)

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8
Q

What is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen?

A

Protium (¹H)

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9
Q

What is the valency of hydrogen?

A

1

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10
Q

Why does hydrogen have a valency of 1?

A

It has 1 electron and needs 1 more to complete its outer shell (or lose 1 to be stable).

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11
Q

Can hydrogen form covalent bonds?

A

Yes, by sharing its single electron.

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12
Q

Can hydrogen form ionic bonds?

A

Yes, it can lose its electron to form H⁺ (proton).

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13
Q

What ion does hydrogen form when it loses its electron?

A

H⁺ ion (proton)

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14
Q

What is a hydride ion?

A

H⁻ ion, formed when hydrogen gains an electron.

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15
Q

What is the state of hydrogen at room temperature?

A

Gas

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16
Q

What is the color of hydrogen gas?

A

Colorless

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17
Q

Is hydrogen gas odorless or does it have a smell?

A

Odorless

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18
Q

What is the density of hydrogen gas compared to air?

A

Hydrogen is much lighter than air.

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19
Q

What is the melting point of hydrogen?

A

-259.14°C

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20
Q

What is the boiling point of hydrogen?

A

-252.87°C

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21
Q

Is hydrogen soluble in water?

A

Slightly soluble

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22
Q

What is the flame color of burning hydrogen?

A

Pale blue

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23
Q

Is hydrogen a good conductor of electricity?

A

No, hydrogen is not a conductor.

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24
Q

How does hydrogen react with oxygen?

A

It forms water (H₂O).

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25
Q

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen?

A

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

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26
Q

What kind of bond forms in a hydrogen molecule (H₂)?

A

Covalent bond

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27
Q

Is hydrogen reactive or inert under normal conditions?

A

Hydrogen is relatively reactive.

28
Q

What is hydrogenation?

A

The addition of hydrogen to other compounds, often used to saturate organic compounds.

29
Q

What is the role of hydrogen in acids?

A

Acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution.

30
Q

Can hydrogen react with metals?

A

Yes, it can form metal hydrides.

31
Q

How does hydrogen react with chlorine?

A

It forms hydrogen chloride (HCl).

32
Q

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine?

A

H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl

33
Q

What is the reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen called?

A

The Haber process, forming ammonia (NH₃).

34
Q

How does hydrogen react with carbon to form hydrocarbons?

A

It forms compounds like methane (CH₄).

35
Q

What are the three isotopes of hydrogen?

A

Protium (¹H), Deuterium (²H or D), Tritium (³H or T)

36
Q

Which hydrogen isotope is radioactive?

A

Tritium (³H)

37
Q

What is the use of deuterium?

A

Used in heavy water for nuclear reactors.

38
Q

Where is tritium used?

A

In fusion reactions and as a tracer in scientific research.

39
Q

What is the primary use of hydrogen in industry?

A

Production of ammonia (NH₃) via the Haber process.

40
Q

How is hydrogen used in fuel cells?

A

Hydrogen is used as a clean fuel to produce electricity, water, and heat.

41
Q

Why is hydrogen used in rocket fuel?

A

It provides high energy due to its lightness and combustion with oxygen.

42
Q

What is hydrogenation used for in the food industry?

A

To convert unsaturated fats to saturated fats (e.g., making margarine).

43
Q

Can hydrogen be used to produce electricity?

A

Yes, in hydrogen fuel cells.

44
Q

What is the use of hydrogen in metal refining?

A

Used to remove sulfur and oxygen impurities.

45
Q

Why is hydrogen used in the production of methanol?

A

It reacts with carbon monoxide to produce methanol.

46
Q

How is hydrogen used in welding?

A

As a shielding gas to prevent oxidation during welding.

47
Q

What role does hydrogen play in space exploration?

A

It is a fuel for rocket propulsion.

48
Q

What is hydrogen’s role in the chemical industry?

A

It is a key reactant in many chemical synthesis processes.

49
Q

Is hydrogen a renewable energy source?

A

Yes, when produced from water via electrolysis.

50
Q

How is hydrogen important in the environment?

A

It can be used as a clean energy source, reducing carbon emissions.

51
Q

What is the role of hydrogen in stars?

A

Hydrogen is the primary fuel for nuclear fusion in stars, including the sun.

52
Q

How is hydrogen involved in the water cycle?

A

Water (H₂O) contains hydrogen; it’s essential for life and environmental cycles.

53
Q

What is the biological significance of hydrogen?

A

It is part of water and organic molecules, essential for life.

54
Q

What are the two main methods of producing hydrogen industrially?

A

Steam methane reforming and electrolysis of water.

55
Q

How does steam methane reforming work?

A

Methane reacts with water vapor to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

56
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.

57
Q

Can hydrogen be produced from biomass?

A

Yes, through biological processes like fermentation.

58
Q

What is the main challenge of hydrogen production today?

A

It is often expensive and energy-intensive.

59
Q

Is hydrogen flammable?

A

Yes, highly flammable.

60
Q

What safety precaution is required when storing hydrogen gas?

A

Hydrogen must be stored in pressurized containers, away from heat sources.

61
Q

Can hydrogen cause explosions?

A

Yes, when mixed with oxygen or air in the right proportions.

62
Q

Who discovered hydrogen?

A

Henry Cavendish in 1766.

63
Q

What did Henry Cavendish originally call hydrogen?

A

“Inflammable air”

64
Q

What did Antoine Lavoisier name hydrogen?

A

Hydrogen, from Greek “hydro” (water) and “genes” (forming), meaning “water-forming.”

65
Q

What important event was caused by hydrogen in 1937?

A

The Hindenburg disaster, where a hydrogen-filled airship caught fire.

66
Q

What is hydrogen’s role in fusion research?

A

Hydrogen isotopes, like deuterium and tritium, are used in

67
Q

All

A

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Chemistry (3 decks)

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