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Hydrogen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the symbol of hydrogen?

A

H

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2
Q

What is the atomic number of hydrogen?

A

1

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3
Q

What is the atomic mass of hydrogen?

A

1.008 u

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4
Q

What group does hydrogen belong to in the periodic table?

A

Group 1 (though it is unique and does not fully belong to any specific group)

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5
Q

What is the electron configuration of hydrogen?

A

1s¹

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6
Q

Is hydrogen a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?

A

Nonmetal

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7
Q

How many isotopes of hydrogen exist?

A

Three isotopes (Protium, Deuterium, Tritium)

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8
Q

What is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen?

A

Protium (¹H)

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9
Q

What is the valency of hydrogen?

A

1

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10
Q

Why does hydrogen have a valency of 1?

A

It has 1 electron and needs 1 more to complete its outer shell (or lose 1 to be stable).

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11
Q

Can hydrogen form covalent bonds?

A

Yes, by sharing its single electron.

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12
Q

Can hydrogen form ionic bonds?

A

Yes, it can lose its electron to form H⁺ (proton).

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13
Q

What ion does hydrogen form when it loses its electron?

A

H⁺ ion (proton)

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14
Q

What is a hydride ion?

A

H⁻ ion, formed when hydrogen gains an electron.

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15
Q

What is the state of hydrogen at room temperature?

A

Gas

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16
Q

What is the color of hydrogen gas?

A

Colorless

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17
Q

Is hydrogen gas odorless or does it have a smell?

A

Odorless

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18
Q

What is the density of hydrogen gas compared to air?

A

Hydrogen is much lighter than air.

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19
Q

What is the melting point of hydrogen?

A

-259.14°C

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20
Q

What is the boiling point of hydrogen?

A

-252.87°C

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21
Q

Is hydrogen soluble in water?

A

Slightly soluble

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22
Q

What is the flame color of burning hydrogen?

A

Pale blue

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23
Q

Is hydrogen a good conductor of electricity?

A

No, hydrogen is not a conductor.

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24
Q

How does hydrogen react with oxygen?

A

It forms water (H₂O).

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25
What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen?
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
26
What kind of bond forms in a hydrogen molecule (H₂)?
Covalent bond
27
Is hydrogen reactive or inert under normal conditions?
Hydrogen is relatively reactive.
28
What is hydrogenation?
The addition of hydrogen to other compounds, often used to saturate organic compounds.
29
What is the role of hydrogen in acids?
Acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution.
30
Can hydrogen react with metals?
Yes, it can form metal hydrides.
31
How does hydrogen react with chlorine?
It forms hydrogen chloride (HCl).
32
What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine?
H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl
33
What is the reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen called?
The Haber process, forming ammonia (NH₃).
34
How does hydrogen react with carbon to form hydrocarbons?
It forms compounds like methane (CH₄).
35
What are the three isotopes of hydrogen?
Protium (¹H), Deuterium (²H or D), Tritium (³H or T)
36
Which hydrogen isotope is radioactive?
Tritium (³H)
37
What is the use of deuterium?
Used in heavy water for nuclear reactors.
38
Where is tritium used?
In fusion reactions and as a tracer in scientific research.
39
What is the primary use of hydrogen in industry?
Production of ammonia (NH₃) via the Haber process.
40
How is hydrogen used in fuel cells?
Hydrogen is used as a clean fuel to produce electricity, water, and heat.
41
Why is hydrogen used in rocket fuel?
It provides high energy due to its lightness and combustion with oxygen.
42
What is hydrogenation used for in the food industry?
To convert unsaturated fats to saturated fats (e.g., making margarine).
43
Can hydrogen be used to produce electricity?
Yes, in hydrogen fuel cells.
44
What is the use of hydrogen in metal refining?
Used to remove sulfur and oxygen impurities.
45
Why is hydrogen used in the production of methanol?
It reacts with carbon monoxide to produce methanol.
46
How is hydrogen used in welding?
As a shielding gas to prevent oxidation during welding.
47
What role does hydrogen play in space exploration?
It is a fuel for rocket propulsion.
48
What is hydrogen’s role in the chemical industry?
It is a key reactant in many chemical synthesis processes.
49
Is hydrogen a renewable energy source?
Yes, when produced from water via electrolysis.
50
How is hydrogen important in the environment?
It can be used as a clean energy source, reducing carbon emissions.
51
What is the role of hydrogen in stars?
Hydrogen is the primary fuel for nuclear fusion in stars, including the sun.
52
How is hydrogen involved in the water cycle?
Water (H₂O) contains hydrogen; it's essential for life and environmental cycles.
53
What is the biological significance of hydrogen?
It is part of water and organic molecules, essential for life.
54
What are the two main methods of producing hydrogen industrially?
Steam methane reforming and electrolysis of water.
55
How does steam methane reforming work?
Methane reacts with water vapor to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
56
What is electrolysis?
Using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
57
Can hydrogen be produced from biomass?
Yes, through biological processes like fermentation.
58
What is the main challenge of hydrogen production today?
It is often expensive and energy-intensive.
59
Is hydrogen flammable?
Yes, highly flammable.
60
What safety precaution is required when storing hydrogen gas?
Hydrogen must be stored in pressurized containers, away from heat sources.
61
Can hydrogen cause explosions?
Yes, when mixed with oxygen or air in the right proportions.
62
Who discovered hydrogen?
Henry Cavendish in 1766.
63
What did Henry Cavendish originally call hydrogen?
"Inflammable air"
64
What did Antoine Lavoisier name hydrogen?
Hydrogen, from Greek "hydro" (water) and "genes" (forming), meaning "water-forming."
65
What important event was caused by hydrogen in 1937?
The Hindenburg disaster, where a hydrogen-filled airship caught fire.
66
What is hydrogen’s role in fusion research?
Hydrogen isotopes, like deuterium and tritium, are used in
67
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