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Hydrocephalus > Hydrocephalus > Flashcards

Hydrocephalus Flashcards

1
Q

What is hydrocephalus

A

Accumulation of CSF in ventricles.

With or without ICP

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2
Q

Normal CSF circulation

A

50ml

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3
Q

CSF formed in

A

Choroid plexus in lateral ventricles

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4
Q

Travel of CSF

A

From lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricles by Monro formen
From 3rd to 4th by sylvius formen
From 4th to subarachanoid space by lnuscka and magandi
To dural space by the villi

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5
Q

Causes

A
  1. Absolute

2. Relative

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6
Q

Relative causes?

A

Due to brain atrophy and no ICP signs

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7
Q

Absolute causes?

A
  1. Obstructive

2. Non obstructive

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8
Q

Obstructive causes of absolute?

A
  1. Aqueduct of salivi
  2. Atresia
  3. Arnold chiri malformation
  4. Tumor
  5. Toxoplasmosis
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9
Q

Cause of Aqueduct of salivi?

A
  1. Congenital atresia
  2. Outside obstruction
  3. Inside obstruction
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10
Q

What is atresia of Aqueduct of salivi?
What is the outside causes?
What the inside causes?

A
  1. Is maybe Sex related recessive Or associated Spina befida
  2. Brain Tumor OR Galen vein obstruction
  3. Post hemorrhage (premature) OR post Meningitis
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11
Q

Atresia causes?

A

Rest
Formen monro
Formen of lnuscka and magandi due to cerebellum vermis agensis (Dandy Walker malformation)

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12
Q

What is Arnold chiri malformation?

A

Downward of brain stem

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13
Q

Non obstructive hydrocephalus causes?

A
  1. Defect in absorption

2. Or secretion

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14
Q

Defect in absorption?

A
  1. Subarachanoid space adhesion
  2. Dural space thrombosis
  3. Leukemia
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15
Q

Defect in secretion?

A
  1. Choroid plexus papilloma

2. Choroid plexus congestion

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16
Q

C/o?

A
  1. Accelerated enlargement
  2. Open fontanels
  3. Saprated sutures
  4. Scalp vein dilation
  5. Macwen sign (percussion on head)
  6. Sunset appearance (deviated eyes)
  7. Creniotapes
  8. Short occipit is Arnold chiri malformation Occipit prominent is Dandy Walker malformation
17
Q

Neurological c/o?

A
  1. Vomit
  2. Squint
  3. Optic atrophy
  4. Motor delay
  5. Pyramidal tract defect in the lower limbs
  6. Mental retardation
18
Q

C/o in older child?

A

4 B

  1. Brusting headach
  2. Bulerd vision
  3. Projectile vomitting
  4. Bradycardia with hypertension (Cushing response)
19
Q

Diagnosis?

A
  1. Clinical
  2. X ray skull
    A. Before closure of sutures and fontanels
    Craniofacial disproportionation with cranium
    B. After closure
    Beaten silver appearance (wide Sella)
  3. CT MRI diagnostic
  4. U/S
20
Q

How to know the type?

A

A. CT MRI
B. Lumber and ventricles Manometry
C. CSF : xanthochromia

21
Q

Treatment?

A

A. Medical by Acetazolamid or Frusmide
If not respond go to shunt
Drew back due electrolytes and PH disturbance

B. Surgical
1. Choroid plexectomy
2. Diathermy for choroid papilloma
3. Extra crenial shunt
  A. Ventriculoperitoneal
  B. Ventriculoplural
  C. Ventreculoartial
22
Q

Complications of surgery?

A
  1. Infections by epidermis
  2. Nephritis
  3. Obstruction
  4. Shorting of the patient
23
Q

What is macrocephaly?

A

H. C > 2 SD

24
Q

Causes of macrocephaly?

A

A. Crenial

B. Intracranial

25
Q

What is the crenial causes of macrocephaly?

A
  1. Constitutional
  2. Famillial
  3. Achondroplasia
  4. Anemia
  5. Rickets
26
Q

What is the intracranial causes of macroocephalus?

A
  1. Hydrocephalus
  2. Hydrancephly (abscent hemisphere)
  3. Tumor
  4. Megalencephaly
    A. Cretinism
    B. Storage disease (mucopolysachridosis)
    C. Famillial

Hydrocephalus (1 decks)

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