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hydrocarbonss Flashcards

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1
Q

Redhot fe tube

A

cyclic polymerisation

Alkane to alcohol

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2
Q

decarboxylation of carboxylic acid

A

NaOH+ CaO

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3
Q

Reduction of phenol

A

zn

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4
Q

benzene from chlorobenzene

A

Na-Al alloy/NaOH

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5
Q

Aromatisation/reforming to make benzene

A

MO2O3/Cl2O3/Al2O3

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6
Q

Fittig

A

Na dry ether, like wurtz but with halobenzene

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7
Q

Fittig-wurtz:

A

Na/dry ether

halobenzene and haloalkane

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8
Q

Electrophilic substitution

nitration, halogenation, friedel craft (both), sulphonation

A

NItration: conc HNO3/conc H2SO4
halogenation: X2/FEX3
Friedel craft- Alkylation: R-X/anhyd AlCl3
- Acylation: RC=OX/ anhyd AlCl3 (given benzene + COR)
Sulphonation: SO3/H2SO4(SO3H gets added)

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9
Q 
Addition (benzene)
Halogenation
Hydrogenation
Oxidation
Ozonolysis
A

Halogenation: X2/ hv
Hydrogenation: H2/ Ni-Al
Oxidation: KMnO4/OH
Ozonolysis: O3/Zn H2O

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10
Q

Alkanes

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

H2

Pt/Pd/Ni

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11
Q 
Alkanes (Alkyl halide)
reduction of alkyl halide
wurtz(limitation)
corey house
grignard
A

reduction of alkyl halide: Zn/HX
wurtz: Na/dry ether(limitation is that it cant synthesize alkane with odd no. of carbons, mix of alkyl halides given mix of alkanes )
corey house: CuX, Li, R’-X -> R2CuLi -> r-r’
grignard: RMgX

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12
Q

Alkane
Decarboxylation of carboxylic acid
Kolbe’s electrolysis

A

Decarboxylation of carboxylic acid: NaOH+CaO (R-H+NaOH)

Kolbe’s electrolysis: electricity/H2O

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13
Q

Alkane Substitution
halogenation
nitration
sulphonation

A

halogenation: X2/hv
nitration: HNO3
Sulphonation: SO3/H2SO4

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14
Q 
Alkane 
combustion
catalytic oxidation
isomerism
aromatisation
pyrolisis
rxn w steam
A

combustion: CnH2n+2 + (3n+1/2)O2 -> nCO2+ (n+1)H2O
catalytic oxidation: Red Hot Fe/Cu tube-> alcohol
MO2O3 -> aldehyde
Mn(Ch3COO)2 -> carboxylic acid
tertiary alkane + KMnO4 -> Alcohol
isomerism: anhydrous AlCl3 /HCl
aromatisation: MO2O3/Cr2O3/V2O5 with Al2O3
pyrolisis: lower alkane+alkene
rxn w steam: CH4+H2O-> CO + 3H2

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15
Q

Alkenes

from alkynes

A

syn addition of H2 for cis H2/pd/C/quinoline

anti addition of H2 for trans Na/liq NH3

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16
Q

Alkene alkyl halide

mono and di

A

mono alc KOH
di vicinal: Zn
di geminal: Zn and Ch3OH

17
Q

alkene from alcohol

A

1: H2SO4
2: 60%H2SO4/heat or 85% H2SO4/heat
3: 25% H3PO4/ heat

18
Q

alkene from carboxylic acid (and what product does it give?)

A

H2O/electricity

gives: R=R + 2CO2 + 2Na/KOH + H2

19
Q

alkene from ester

A

lig N2/glass wool

O
II R-C-O-R' (R'- alkene)
20
Q 
Alkene addition
H2
halogenation
Hydration
Sulphuric acid
HOX addition
A

H2: H2/pt/pd/ni (alkane)
halogenation: X2/H2O
Hydration: H+/H2O (MK rule) (addition of OH)
Sulphuric acid: dil H2SO4 (adds OSO2H)
HOX addition: Mk rule, anti- addition of OH and X

21
Q

Alkene addition of HX

A

Symmetrical alkene: HX [reactivity: HI>HBr>HCl]
unsymmetrical alkene: Hx/CCl4 (MK rule)
HBr/perozide (AMK rule)

22
Q

Alkene Oxidation (2)

A

Cold/alkaline KMnO4 = CH2-CH2 + MnO2
I I
OH OH
Hot/acidic KMnO4 = RCOOH + H2O + CO2

23
Q

Alkene Ozonolysis(2)

A

reductive O3/Zn, H20

oxidative: O3/H2O

24
Q

Alkene polymerisation

A

higgh temperature and pressure, catalyst

25
Q

Alkynes alkyl halide

A

Geminal: Alc KOH/heat or NaNh2 with heat
Vicinal: Alc KOH/heat + NaNh2 with heat or NaNh2 with heat

26
Q

alkyne from carboxylic acid

A

electricity

gives: alkyne+CO2+NaOH+H2

27
Q

Alkyne from acetylene(C2H2)

A

Na/liq NH3 + 2R-X (giving R-C-=C-R)

28
Q

alkyne fromm tetrahalides

A

Zn

29
Q

alkyne from Chloroform

A

Ag/-6AgCl

30
Q

alkyne by electric arc

A

c(s)+H2 –electric arc–> C2H2

31
Q 
Alkyne addition
hydrogenation
halogenation
hydrohalogenation
hydration
A

hydrogenation: can form alkane or alkene
halogenation: X2/CCl4
hydrohalogenation: HX(MK rule)
hydration(HgSo4 + H2SO4) H and OH added in anti

32
Q

Alkyne oxidation

A

cold kmno2, =o added

33
Q

alkyne combustion

A

CnH2n-2 + (3n-1/2)O2 -> nco2+(n-1)H2O

34
Q

Alkyne ozonolysis

A

O3/Zn, H2O

35
Q

Polymerisation

A

Linear: Cu tube
cyclic: fe tube

Chemistry (6 decks)

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