Hydrocarbons and Derivatives Flashcards
These are the characteristics of _________
- Can bond with itself
- Can form four bonds
- Can form branched and cyclic compounds
Carbon Atom
This is an elemental carbon that can exist in many different forms
Allotropes
Forms of the same element that have different bonding arrangements
Allotropes
It consists of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and other derivatives
Organic compound
What are the 4 classes of hydrocarbons?
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Aromatic carbon
Doesn’t consists of carbon-hydrogen bonds
Inorganic compound
Non-metals, salts, metals, acids, and bases are example of what compound?
Inorganic
This contain only two kinds of bonds: carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds
Hydrocarbons
A theory that an organic compound can be only produced by the VITAL forces of living organisms
Theory of Vitalism
He synthesized urea from ammonium cyanate, an inorganic compound
Friedrich Wohler
These are organic compounds with the same molecular formula but with different bond orders
Isomers
A type of isomers in which atoms have DIFFERENT partners
Structural Isomers
Type of isomers in which atoms have the SAME partners but arranged in space
Stereoisomers
1 is the bonding capacity of?
Hydrogen and Halogens
0 is the bonding capacity of?
Oxygen
2 is the bonding capacity of?
Sulfur
3 is the bonding capacity of?
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
4 is the bonding capacity of?
Carbon
Hydrocarbons in which all of the bonds are SINGLE bonds
FORMULA: CnH(2n+2)
Alkanes
Hydrocarbons in which all of the bonds are DOUBLE bonds
FORMULA: CnH2n
Alkenes
Hydrocarbons in which all of the bonds are TRIPLE bonds
FORMULA: CnH2n-2
Alkynes
Hydrocarbon that contains a benzene ring
Aromatic
Type of hydrocarbon that contains ONLY single CARBON-CARBON bonds
Saturated
Type of hydrocarbon that contains AT LEAST 1 double or triple CARBON-CARBON bonds
Unsaturated
A group of related compounds in which each member differs from the one before it by the same additional unit. Properties vary in a predictable way.
Homologous series
Who first isolated the benzene?
Michael Faraday
He proposed the benzene in 1865
Friedrich August Kekule
Nonpolar, the boiling point increases as the number of carbon atoms increases, and it is insoluble in water are the properties of ________
Alkanes
It is slightly more reactive that the alkanes is the properties of __________
Alkenes
Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic acids, Esters are?
Hydrocarbon Derivatives
These are organic compounds that are based on hydrocarbons with the addition of specific functional groups
Hydrocarbon Derivatives
Is a reactive group of atoms
Functional group
An organic compound containing the hydroxyl, –OH, functional group
FORMULA: R—OH
Alcohol
It’s one of the classes of alcohol where the OH group is bonded to a carbon that is only bonded to ONE other carbon
Primary Alcohol
Classes of alcohol where the OH group is bonded to a carbon that is bonded to THREE other carbon atoms
Tertiary Alcohol
Classes of alcohol where the OH group is bonded to a carbon that is bonded to TWO other carbon atoms
Secondary Alcohol
An organic compound that has two alkyl groups joined by an oxygen atom
FORMULA: R—O—R`
Ethers
_____ do not hydrogen bond between each other, but will hydrogen bond with water and alcohols.
Ethers
Contain a carbonyl functional group C=O
FORMULA: R-CHO
Aldehydes
Contain the carbonyl group C=O
FORMULA: R-CO-R’
Ketones
Contain carboxyl group
FORMULA: R-COOH
Carboxylic acids
Derivatives of carboxylic acids and contains the functional group
FORMULA: RCOOR’
Esters
