Hydrocarbons Flashcards
To know the key words and concepts associated with the two hydrocarbon functional groups, the Alkanes and the Alkenes
How do you separate a mixture of Alkanes?
Fractional Distillation
What is the name of the mixture of Alkanes, that come out of the ground?
Petroleum
What is a ‘Hydrocarbon’?
Molecule containing ONLY hydrogen and carbon
What is a ‘Homologous Series’?
A group of molecules that have the same functional group
What is an Isomer?
Same molecular formula, different structural arrangement
What is the difference between an ‘Unsaturated’ and a ‘Saturated’ molecule
Unsaturated molecules have a double bond, Alkenes
What is the difference between an Alkene and an Alkane
Alkenes are ‘Unsaturated’, they have a double bond, Alkanes only have single bonds
What is the chemical test to distinguish an Alkane and an Alkene?
Bromine water, Alkenes will decolourise bromine water from orange to colourless
What determines the boiling point of hydrocarbons?
Chain length, longer molecules have a higher boiler point
What determines the viscosity of hydrocarbons?
Chain length, the longer molecules are more viscous
What determines the flammability of hydrocarbons?
Chain length, the shorter molecules are more flammable
What is the molecular formula of Propane
C3H8
What is the general formula of the Alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the formula Propene?
C3H6
What is the general formula of the Alkenes?
CnH2n
What is the formula of Hexane?
C6H14
What is the formula of Cyclohexane?
C6H12
What is the formula of Cyclohexene?
C6H10
What type of hydrocarbon is able to polymerise and why?
Alkenes, because they have a double bond
What is it called when hydrocarbon molecules join to one another?
‘Addition Polymerisation’
What is the industrial process to change Alkanes to Alkenes?
‘Cracking’
