Hydrocarbons Flashcards
becz, zindagi jhandwa.
2(Vicinal Di Halide)+ Zn Dust
Alkane–>Alkyne
Geminal Di Halide
Alkane–>Alkyne
Geminal Di Halide + NaNH2(base)
Remove Halide–> Bond–> all halide removed–> negative on suitable C atom
Calcium Carbide(CaC2)+H20
Ethyne
2(same C atom with 3 halides) + 6Ag
Alkyne
Mg2C3+H20
Propyne Major, di Ethyne minor
Alkyne+HX
On same C atom, 2 X add
Propyne+ (H2O H2SO4 Hg+2)
propanone
Propyne+(Cl2+H2O)
3,3 dichloropropan-2one
Propyne+(Cl2+CCl4)
bond wle carbon pr 2 Cl each
C–C(triple bond)C+ Ch3COOH
C—-C(double b)C—O—–C(double b)O—C
C–C(triple bond)C + AsCl3 (ASCl2+ + Cl-)
C—C(Cl)===C—-AsCL2
Cold Alk KMnO4 in alkyne
Double bond O on bonded C’s
3C(triple bond)C + Red Hot Fe Tube
Benzene
3Propyne + Red Hot Fe Tube
Benzene Alt CH3 ya for Benzene nearby 2 CH3 aur ek chodhke CH3
4Ethyne + Ni(CN)2
Cyclo Octene Alternate bond wli, 16 Annulene
nC(triple B)C + H2
Polymerisation with double bond
2(CtripleC) + CH2Cl2
c===c—c triple c
Alkyl Halide+ Alc. KOH–>
Double Bond
B elimination)( Bulky base, SIde se H lega)
viccinal Di halide + Zn Dust
Alkene
Alcohol–> H2SO4/[H+]
Double bond
[Carbocation formation and rearrangement exists]
Alkyl viccinal Di Carboxylic Acid + Electrolysis
Double bond
Alkyne+ H2/Ni 1 eq
Double bond
Alkyne+ H2 Pd BaSO4 quinoline
Cis Alkene
, Lindlar’s Catalyst
Alkyne+ NH3 Na Li
Trans Alkene
Ni2B w H2 (P2 Catalyst) + Alkyne
Cis Alkene
Alkene + HX
Markonikov Alkyl halide, rearrangement of C cation possible.
Alkene + HBr + Peroxide
Karaash effect Anti Markonikov alkyl Haldie.
Alkene + H+ in H2O
markonikov Alcohol(poor yield and reversible) c cation rearrangement possible
Alkene + Ch3COOH
Markonikov addition of OAc C cation rearrangement possible
Alkene + H2SO4 boil
Markonikov Alcohol, not reversible rearrangement possible
Alkene + [Hg(OAc)/THF/H2O/NaBH4/OH-]
Mkov addn of OH and anti addition of H and OH
NaBH4 is source of H and H2O of OH-
X2 in CCL4 in Alkene
Different C different side Br ( no C+)
Alkene +[Hg(OAc)/THF/R(OH)/NaBH4/OH-]
Mkov Ether
Because of ROH
Alkene + [BH3/THF/H2O2/OH]
syn and anti-Mkov Alcohol
Alkene+[OsO4/Pyridine/NaHSO4/H2O]
syn Addn of OH OH
1 degree Alkyl halide + 1/2 degree R-O-
Ether major
2/3 degree Alkyl halide + any degree R-O-
Alkene Major
1 degree Alkyl halide + 3 degree R-O-
Alkene Major
Alkyne+ H2/Ni/Pd
Alkene
Alkyne+H2Pd+BaSO4
Cis Alkene
Alkyne+ Liq NH3+Na
Trans Alkene
Kolbe’s Electrolysis of viccinal di Carboxalic Acid
Alkene
Alcohol+H+/H2SO4/Heat
Alkene
Alkyl Halide+ Base
Alkene(stable C+ and Stable Alkene)
Viccinal Di Halide+Zn Dust
Alkene
Akane+HNO3+heat
R-NO2
alkane+/Cr/V oxide
Pyrolysis
Alkene
Methane+CuTube Heat
Methanol
Methane+Mo2O3
Methanal
R-CH3+Ag2O
R-C(OH)==O
Hexane+Cr2O3+Al2O3
Benzene
Alkane+X2+H(nyu)
AlkylHalide(most suitable)
Al4C3+H2O
Methane+Al(OH)3
Be2C3+4H2O
Methane+Be(OH)2
R-COO-+Q
R-R + CO2+H2
R-COO-+NaOH+CaO
RH
R(OH)+HI
RCH3
Ketone +HI
RCH2R’
Aldehyde
RCH3
Acid+HI redP
RCH3
Ketone+N2H4(wolf Kishner)
R-CH2-R’
Aldehyde+N2H4(wolf Kishner)
RCH3
Ketone+ Zn+Hg(Clemensons Reduction)
R-CH2-R’
Aldehyde+ Zn+Hg(Clemensons Reduction)
RCH3
R-X —>Mg+Ether—-> HCl(Grignard’s Reagent)
RH
R-X —>Mg+Ether—-> Ch3COOH(Grignard’s Reagent)
RH
R-X —>Mg+Ether—-> H2O(Grignard’s Reagent)
RH
R-X —>Mg+Ether—->ROH(Grignard’s Reagent)
RH
R-X —>Mg+Ether—-> NH3(Grignard’s Reagent)
RH
R-X —>Mg+Ether—-> RNH2(Grignard’s Reagent)
RH
R-X[CuLi CuX]+R’X (Corey House Synthesis)
R-R’
Frankland Reaction) R-X+Zn Ether
R-R
(Wurtz Reacn) R-X—> Na Ether—>
R-R
R-X+Zn[H+]{OH-}
RH
R-X+HI Red P
RH
ALkene+H2 Pd+C Black
Alkane
RX+ Zn Cu Couple
RH
Alkyne/Alkene+ H2 Ni
Alkane
Hexane+ Cr2O3+V2O5
Benzene
Ethyne+Cu/FeTube
Benzene
Chloro Benzene + Ni Al NaOh
benzene
Halo Benzene Benzene+ Mg+water/acid whtever)
benzene
Phenol+ Zn Dust
Benzene
Benzene sulphonic Acid +Steam
Benzene
Benzene Diazonium Chloride+ H2PO2
Benzene+ N2
Benzene Diazonium Chloride + Ethanol
Benzene+ Ethanal+ N2+HCl
Benzene Phenol+ HI Red P
Toulene
Benzene Aldekhyde+ HI Red P
Toulene
Benzene Carboxalic Acid
Toulene
Benzene Carboxalic Acid+ NaOH + CaO
Benzene
Benzene Carboxalic Acid+ Q
di benzene
Benzene + Cl2+ FeCL3
Chloro Benzene
Benzene + Conc HNO3
NitroBenzene
Benzene+ H2SO4/SO3
Benzene Sulphonic acid
Benzene+RCl==O+AlCl3
Benzene Aldehyde
Benzene+Rcl+Alcl3
R-Benzene
Benzene+HCl+CO+AlCl3
Benzene-C==o
Benzene Ozonolysis
done
Toulouene+KMnO4
Benzene Carboxalic Acid
Toulouene(Etard Rxn) + CrO2+Cl2 in CS2
BenzeneAldehyde
Toulouene+ Cl2
CH2Cl–Ph
Bnezene+ H2 Ni
CycloHexane
Cl-C-C-C-Cl+ Na Ether
Cyclo propane+Cyclo Hexane
COO–C-C-C-C-C-C-COO+Q
Cyclo Hexane
Di Carboxalic salt of Ba/Ca–>A—->wolf kishner/clemmensons–>B
A:cyclo ketone
B: Cyclo Alkane
c==c–c===c+ c==c
Cyclo Hexane + double bond(1)
c===c + C2H2N2
c–c—c(arranged in a triangle)
c===c + C2H2I2+ Zn Cu Couple / Simon Rxn
c–c—c(arranged in a triangle)
Isolated di halide+ NH2-
Cunjugated DIene
Benzene+Na NH3
cyclo hexane + 2 opp double bond
Alkadiene+ Na NH3/H2 Li
Beech mei double bond
C====c—c====C+ HBr
C==c—c(Br)—C+ c—-c===c—c(Br)
C====c—c====C+ Br2 CCl4
BrC—-C====c—-c(Br)+ c====c—–c(Br)—–C(Br)
c—c===c—c + O3+Zn/Pd
2(C—C===O)
c—c===c—c + O3
C—-C(OH)===O
c—c===c—c + O
CH3COOH
C(triplebond)C+O3+Zn
(C==O)—-(C===O)
For O3 or (O) , same as alkenes…complete oxidation
