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Chemistry- Organic chemistry > Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Any compound formed from carbon and hydrogen atoms only

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2
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

What are alkanes?

A

•alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons meaning each carbon atom forms four single covalent bonds
•the alkanes are a homologous series meaning they are a group of organic compounds that react in a similar way

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4
Q

What are the first 4 alkanes?

A

Methane, ethane,propane and butane

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5
Q

What is the formula for methane?

A

CH4

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6
Q

What is the formula for ethane?

A

C2H6

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7
Q

What is the formula for propane?

A

C3H8

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8
Q

What is the formula for butane?

A

C4H10

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9
Q

What impacts the properties of hydrocarbons?

A

The length of the carbon chain

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10
Q

The shorter the carbon chain of a hydrocarbon the ……. it is

A

-less viscous (more runny)
-more volatile (lower boiling point)
-more flammable (easier to ignite)
•these properties make them good fuels

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11
Q

Why are hydrocarbons with shorter carbon chains better as fuels?

A

They are easier to ignite/ are more flammable

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12
Q

What reaction occurs during the complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

•hydrocarbon + oxygen—> carbon dioxide + water
•during this reaction both hydrogen and carbon from the hydrocarbon are oxidised

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13
Q

What reaction occurs during the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbon+oxygen—> carbon monoxide + water + carbon

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14
Q

When does complete combustion occur?

A

When there is a good supply of oxygen

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15
Q

When does incomplete combustion occur?

A

When there is a poor supply of oxygen

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16
Q

Why are hydrocarbons used as fuels?

A

They are used as fuels due to the amount of energy released when they combust completely

17
Q

Give an example of how the properties of hydrocarbons impact how they’re used for fuels?

A

Short chain hydrocarbons with lower boiling points are used as bottled gases- stored under pressure as liquids in bottles

18
Q

Why are long chain carbon hydrocarbons not as good fuels?

A

They form viscous (gloopy) liquids like tar which aren’t as useful

19
Q

Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of methane (CH4)

A

CH4 + 2O2 —> CO2 + 2H2O

20
Q

Why do hydrocarbons with longer chains have higher boiling points and melting points.

A

They have strong intermolecular forces between them which take a lot of energy to overcome

Chemistry- Organic chemistry (3 decks)

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