Hydraulics Manual

Question 1

How many inches are in 1 cubic foot?

Answer 1

1728 cubic inches

Question 2

1 cubic foot equals how many gallons?

Answer 2

7.5 gallons

Question 3

One cubic foot of freshwater weighs?

Answer 3

62.5 gallons

Question 4

1 gallon contains how many cubic inches?

Answer 4

231 cubic inches

Question 5

1 gallon of water weighs how many pounds?

Answer 5

8.33 lbs.

Question 6

A column of water 1’ high exerts a pressure of ___ psi at its base?

Answer 6

0.434 psi

Question 7

A column of water 2.304’ high exerts a pressure of ___ psi at its base?

Answer 7

1 psi

Question 8

50’ length of 1.75’’ hose contains ___ gallons of water?

Answer 8

6.24 gallons

Question 9

50’ length of 1.88’’ hose contains ___ gallons of water?

Answer 9

7.2 gallons

Question 10

50’ length of 2.5’’ hose contains ___ gallons of water?

Answer 10

12.74 gallons

Question 11

50’ length of 3’’ hose contains ___ gallons of water?

Answer 11

18.35 gallons

Question 12

100’ length of 4” hose contains ___ gallons of water?

Answer 12

65.25 gallons

Question 13

100’ length of 5’’ contains ___ gallons of water?

Answer 13

101.94 gallons

Question 14

Nozzle pressure for handlines with smoothbore nozzles is ___ psi? The pressure can be increased to ___ psi to achieve a higher flow?

Answer 14

50, 65

Question 15

Nozzle pressure for master streams w/ smoothbore nozzles is ___ psi? But can be increased to ___ psi to achieve a higher flow?

Answer 15

80, 100

Question 16

Akron Assault Nozzles are designed for ___ psi nozzle pressure, and flows ___ gpm with the fog nozzle, and ___ gpm with the 15/16’’ slug?

Answer 16

50, 175, 185

Question 17

Nozzle pressure for all other fog nozzles (NOT the Akron Assault Nozzle) is ___ psi unless otherwise stated?

Answer 17

100

Question 18

This type of pump is used on all modern fire apparatus. This type of pump takes advantage of incoming pressure. Water enters the eye of the pump then travels through one or more impellers?

Answer 18

Centrifugal Pump

Question 19

What is the formula for determining the volume (in gallons) of a rectangular or square shape?

Answer 19

L X W X D X 7.5 (# of gallons in a cu. ft.) = gallons/cu.ft.

Question 20

What is the formula for determining the volume (in gallons) of a cylinder, pipe, or hose?

Answer 20

3.14 x r² X H X 7.5 (# of gallons in a cu. ft.) = gallons/cu. ft.

Question 21

What is the formula to find the GPM for a smooth bore nozzle?

Answer 21

GPM = 29.7 x d² X √NP

Question 22

Smoothbore handline nozzle with a 1 3/16” tip? (Theoretical)

Answer 22

296 pgm

Question 23

What is the master stream smooth bore tip sizes and flow?

Answer 23

1 ¼” - 415gpm, 1 3/8” - 502gpm, 1 ½” - 598gpm, 1 ¾” - 814gpm, 2’’ - 1062gpm

Question 24

The 1” adjustable gallonage fog nozzle is an adjustable flow nozzle that can be set to deliver ___ gpm?

Answer 24

12-60 gpm

Question 25

The 1 ½" Akron Assault Nozzle flows ___ gpm?

Answer 25

175 gpm

Question 26

The 2 ½" Akron Fog Nozzle is an adjustable flow nozzle that can be set to deliver ___ gpm?

Answer 26

125-250 gpm

Question 27

The Akron Quick Attack/Attack Mercury Monitor flows ___ gpm? (smoothbore/fog)

Answer 27

500/500

Question 28

Master stream fog nozzles have an operating range of __ gpm?

Answer 28

150-2000 gpm

Question 29

Booster reel lines are usually ___ ft. long? Has a ___ inch hose? Has an adjustable fog nozzle that can flow between ___ to ___ gpm, with a ___psi nozzle pressure?

Answer 29

150', 1'', 12-60 gpm, 100psi

Question 30

Forestry Hose contains ___ & ____ sections. A 1" adjustable gallonage fog nozzle that can flow between ___ to ___ gpm or the 22 gpm red fog nozzle can both be used at ___ psi?

Answer 30

50' & 100', 12-60gpm, 100psi

Question 31

What does the decon shower flow? and at what psi?

Answer 31

270gpm @ 75psi

Question 32

The piercing nozzle flows ___ gpm at ___ psi?

Answer 32

125gpm, 100psi

Question 33

The 2 ½" distributor nozzle flows ___ gpm @ ____ psi?

Answer 33

250 gpm, 100 psi

Question 34

The 1 ½" distributor nozzle flows ___ gpm @ ___ psi?

Answer 34

95 gpm, 50 psi

Question 35

What does the 2 ½" cellar nozzle flows ____ gpm @ ____ psi?

Answer 35

350gpm, 100psi

Question 36

What does the 1 ½" cellar nozzle flow? and at what psi?

Answer 36

160gpm, 100 psi

Question 37

What does the 1 3/8" smoothbore tip flow on the Akron Quick-Attack Mercury Monitor?

Answer 37

500gpm

Question 38

What does the fog nozzle flow on the Akron Quick-Attack Mercury Monitor?

Answer 38

500gpm

Question 39

What supply hose can be used for the Akron Quick-Attack Mercury Monitor?

Answer 39

2½" & 3" hoseline

Question 40

What is the Max Inlet Pressure for the Akron Quick-Attack Mercury Monitor?

Answer 40

150psi

Question 41

What is the appliance loss for the Akron Quick-Attack Mercury Monitor?

Answer 41

10psi

Question 42

When using a combination monitor (fixed to the pumper but can be detached) with a smooth bore nozzle it will flow between ___ and ___ gpm @ ___ psi?

Answer 42

500 - 1000gpm, @ 80psi

Question 43

When using a combination monitor (fixed to the pumper but can be detached) with a fog nozzle it will flow between ___ and ___, @ ___ psi?

Answer 43

350 - 1250gpm, @ 100psi

Question 44

1st Principle of friction loss?

Answer 44

Friction loss will vary directly with the length of hose or pipe. (double the length of hose, double the friction loss)

Question 45

2nd Principle of friction loss?

Answer 45

Friction loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of the flow. (ex. double the flow = 4x's the friction loss, triple the flow = 9x's the friction loss)

Question 46

3rd Principle of friction loss?

Answer 46

When the flow remains constant the friction loss in a hose will decrease when the diameter of the hose is increased.

Question 47

4th Principle of friction loss?

Answer 47

For any given flow velocity, friction loss is dependent of the pressure. The velocity of water through a hose line, NOT pressure, causes friction loss. The faster you move water = the more friction loss you have.

Question 48

What are the friction loss coefficients for the hose sizes used in Fairfax County Fire & Rescue Department?

Answer 48

1''=150, 1¾"=10 (per IFSTA=15.5), 2"=8, 2½"=2, 3"=0.8, 3½"=0.34, 4"=0.2, 5"=0.08

Question 49

What is the equation for friction loss?

Answer 49

CQ²L (Coefficient x (flow/100) x hose length in hundreds of feet (length/100)

Question 50

Appliance loss for appliances flowing less than 350gpm?

Answer 50

ZERO

Question 51

Appliance loss for appliances flowing over 350gpm?

Answer 51

Add 10psi. (ex. mercury monitor, gated wye, siamese)

Question 52

What is the appliance loss for standpipes, ladder pipes, and master streams (except for the Mercury monitor)?

Answer 52

25 psi loss

Question 53

What is the equation to find out the Pump Discharge Pressure for an Attack Engine?

Answer 53

PDP = NP + TPL

Question 54

What is included in TPL?

Answer 54

Friction loss + Appliance loss +/- Elevation Pressure

Question 55

MAXIMUM SAFE PDP?

Answer 55

250psi

Question 56

The national foam JS-10 air aspirating nozzle has a rating of ___ gpm @ ___ psi at the tip?

Answer 56

100gpm @ 100psi

Question 57

Fairfax County's portable foam eductor's flow ___ to ___ gpm with a PDP of ___ psi at the eductor?

Answer 57

95-125, @ 200psi

Question 58

When flowing foam through the eductor the nozzle shall be no more than ___ feet above the eductor?

Answer 58

5 feet

Question 59

Akron Truck Mount, which is a by-pass proportioning system. This is an in-line eductor pre-piped into the front bumper discharge. This must be pumped at ___ psi?

Answer 59

200 psi

Question 60

When being supplied class B foam from another source the tank fill valve should remain _______? The intake pressure should not exceed ___ psi?

Answer 60

Closed, 10 psi

Question 61

The Husky Foam System is an electronic direct injection foam system that injects foam into the front bumper discharge. It is capable of injecting foam from 0.1% to 3% with a rated capacity of ___ gpm of foam concentrate at ___ psi?

Answer 61

3 gpm, @ 150psi

Question 62

All Fairfax County pumpers carry a minimum of ___ gallons of foam?

Answer 62

40 gallons

Question 63

CAFS application for fire attack?

Answer 63

0.3%

Question 64

CAFS application for overhaul & exposure protection?

Answer 64

0.5%

Question 65

(CAFS) How long can the air compressor operate without overheating?

Answer 65

2 hours

Question 66

Can CAFS pumpers supply other pumpers & trucks with water, Class A foam, or CAFS?

Answer 66

YES

Question 67

Using what tip size (smoothbore) creates the best finished product for fire attack (when using foam)?

Answer 67

15/16" tip

Question 68

What creates the best finish of CAFS for overhaul and exposure?

Answer 68

Gated Butt (remove the 15/16" tip)

Question 69

What is important to remember when using CAFS before attacking the fire?

Answer 69

Bleed the line longer to ensure the proper mixture

Question 70

What are some disadvantages of CAFS?

Answer 70

1. Hosline kinks easier, Pierce recommends that CAFS lines are no longer than 250' for max effectiveness

Question 71

What is the definition of a Relay operation?

Answer 71

2 or more pumpers that are in line between the water source and the nozzle

Question 72

Starting Pressure when supplying a 4'' Line is?

Answer 72

50 psi

Question 73

Starting Pressure when supplying a 3'' Line is?

Answer 73

100 psi

Question 74

Starting Pressure when supplying a 4" & 3" line is?

Answer 74

100 psi

Question 75

What is the formula used when finding the Pump Discharge Pressure for a supply engine?

Answer 75

PDP = RP + TPL (TPL= FL + AL +/- EP), RP= 20

Question 76

To maintain the maximum flow from a pressurized water source, such as a fire hydrant, add the incoming static pressure to ___ psi?

Answer 76

150 psi

Question 77

Friction Loss for two 3" lines?

Answer 77

0.2

Question 78

Friction Loss for one 4" line & one 3" line?

Answer 78

0.09

Question 79

Friction Loss for two 4" lines?

Answer 79

0.05

Question 80

Like Volumes Percentage Drop equation?

Answer 80

(SP-RP x 100) / SP

Question 81

0 - 10% = how many like volumes?

Answer 81

3

Question 82

11-15% = how many like volumes?

Answer 82

2

Question 83

16-25% = how many like volumes?

Answer 83

1

Question 84

>25% = how many like volumes?

Answer 84

0

Question 85

What is the starting pressure when supplying a FDC for a standpipe?

Answer 85

150psi

Question 86

What is the appliance loss in a standpipe/siamese connection?

Answer 86

25 psi

Question 87

Starting Pressure for a standpipe system, sprinkler system, or combination system?

Answer 87

150 psi

Question 88

When do you charge a sprinkler system?

Answer 88

1. Smoke or Fire showing. 2. Upon confirmation of a working fire.

Question 89

When do you charge a standpipe system?

Answer 89

Upon arrival at the scene, after securing a water supply from a hydrant, one line should be connected to the FDC and charged to 150 psi.

Question 90

When should a combination system be charged? At what psi?

Answer 90

These systems should be considered as a standpipe and supplied and charged immediately upon arrival on the scene and without orders. , 150 psi

Question 91

What hose should be used to supply an aerial device?

Answer 91

A minimum of one 4" line or two 3" lines.

Question 92

What is the appliance loss for all aerial devices? (Including the connection on the rear)

Answer 92

25 psi

Question 93

What is the starting pressure for all aerial devices?

Answer 93

150 psi

Question 94

As a Pump Operator when do you charge the supply line to any Truck/Tower/Tiller?

Answer 94

On orders of the Truck/Tower/Tiller OIC or Driver

Question 95

Nozzle Reaction equation? (smooth bore)

Answer 95

NR = 1.57 x d² x NP

Question 96

Nozzle Reaction equation? (fog nozzle)

Answer 96

NR = .0505 x Q x √NP

Question 97

It is recommended that the driver/operator connects ___ hydrant gates w/ 4'' Storz couplings in the closed position to the 2½" spuds prior to charging the LDH supply line attached to the steamer?

Answer 97

2

Question 98

The following are the maximum flows to be expected from a pumper at draft using the Front / Side / Rear Intake?

Answer 98

Front = 900gpm, Side = 1750 gpm, Rear = 1500 -1750gpm

Question 99

When should drivers consider using their side intake first and their rear intake second?

Answer 99

Whenever a large quantity of water may be needed. (heavy fire, using a master stream, etc.)

Question 100

Anytime incoming pressure exceeds ___ psi, the pump shall be operated in pump gear. This includes being supplied in a relay or refilling the tank?

Answer 100

50 psi

Question 101

The mode switch must be in pressure mode and the up button must be depressed at least one time to ensure that?

Answer 101

The Pressure Govenor is activated

Question 102

After a water supply is established what should the engine driver do?

Answer 102

Close tank to pump to know if a water supply is lost.

Question 103

If a water supply has been lost and the driver opens the tank to pump, what must he/she do next?

Answer 103

Notify command and the interior crews

Question 104

If the water supply is ever lost in a relay what must the driver do?

Answer 104

Notify command and the interior crews