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Hydraulics Theory & Practical Applications > Hydraulics Manual > Flashcards

Hydraulics Manual Flashcards

1
Q

How many inches are in 1 cubic foot?

A

1728 cubic inches

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2
Q

1 cubic foot equals how many gallons?

A

7.5 gallons

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3
Q

One cubic foot of freshwater weighs?

A

62.5 gallons

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4
Q

1 gallon contains how many cubic inches?

A

231 cubic inches

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5
Q

1 gallon of water weighs how many pounds?

A

8.33 lbs.

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6
Q

A column of water 1’ high exerts a pressure of ___ psi at its base?

A

0.434 psi

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7
Q

A column of water 2.304’ high exerts a pressure of ___ psi at its base?

A

1 psi

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8
Q

50’ length of 1.75’’ hose contains ___ gallons of water?

A

6.24 gallons

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9
Q

50’ length of 1.88’’ hose contains ___ gallons of water?

A

7.2 gallons

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10
Q

50’ length of 2.5’’ hose contains ___ gallons of water?

A

12.74 gallons

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11
Q

50’ length of 3’’ hose contains ___ gallons of water?

A

18.35 gallons

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12
Q

100’ length of 4” hose contains ___ gallons of water?

A

65.25 gallons

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13
Q

100’ length of 5’’ contains ___ gallons of water?

A

101.94 gallons

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14
Q

Nozzle pressure for handlines with smoothbore nozzles is ___ psi? The pressure can be increased to ___ psi to achieve a higher flow?

A

50, 65

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15
Q

Nozzle pressure for master streams w/ smoothbore nozzles is ___ psi? But can be increased to ___ psi to achieve a higher flow?

A

80, 100

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16
Q

Akron Assault Nozzles are designed for ___ psi nozzle pressure, and flows ___ gpm with the fog nozzle, and ___ gpm with the 15/16’’ slug?

A

50, 175, 185

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17
Q

Nozzle pressure for all other fog nozzles (NOT the Akron Assault Nozzle) is ___ psi unless otherwise stated?

A

100

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18
Q

This type of pump is used on all modern fire apparatus. This type of pump takes advantage of incoming pressure. Water enters the eye of the pump then travels through one or more impellers?

A

Centrifugal Pump

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19
Q

What is the formula for determining the volume (in gallons) of a rectangular or square shape?

A

L X W X D X 7.5 (# of gallons in a cu. ft.) = gallons/cu.ft.

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20
Q

What is the formula for determining the volume (in gallons) of a cylinder, pipe, or hose?

A

3.14 x r² X H X 7.5 (# of gallons in a cu. ft.) = gallons/cu. ft.

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21
Q

What is the formula to find the GPM for a smooth bore nozzle?

A

GPM = 29.7 x d² X √NP

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22
Q

Smoothbore handline nozzle with a 1 3/16” tip? (Theoretical)

A

296 pgm

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23
Q

What is the master stream smooth bore tip sizes and flow?

A

1 ¼” - 415gpm, 1 3/8” - 502gpm, 1 ½” - 598gpm, 1 ¾” - 814gpm, 2’’ - 1062gpm

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24
Q

The 1” adjustable gallonage fog nozzle is an adjustable flow nozzle that can be set to deliver ___ gpm?

A

12-60 gpm

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25
Q

The 1 ½” Akron Assault Nozzle flows ___ gpm?

A

175 gpm

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26
Q

The 2 ½” Akron Fog Nozzle is an adjustable flow nozzle that can be set to deliver ___ gpm?

A

125-250 gpm

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27
Q

The Akron Quick Attack/Attack Mercury Monitor flows ___ gpm? (smoothbore/fog)

A

500/500

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28
Q

Master stream fog nozzles have an operating range of __ gpm?

A

150-2000 gpm

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29
Q

Booster reel lines are usually ___ ft. long? Has a ___ inch hose? Has an adjustable fog nozzle that can flow between ___ to ___ gpm, with a ___psi nozzle pressure?

A

150’, 1’’, 12-60 gpm, 100psi

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30
Q

Forestry Hose contains ___ & ____ sections. A 1” adjustable gallonage fog nozzle that can flow between ___ to ___ gpm or the 22 gpm red fog nozzle can both be used at ___ psi?

A

50’ & 100’, 12-60gpm, 100psi

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31
Q

What does the decon shower flow? and at what psi?

A

270gpm @ 75psi

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32
Q

The piercing nozzle flows ___ gpm at ___ psi?

A

125gpm, 100psi

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33
Q

The 2 ½” distributor nozzle flows ___ gpm @ ____ psi?

A

250 gpm, 100 psi

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34
Q

The 1 ½” distributor nozzle flows ___ gpm @ ___ psi?

A

95 gpm, 50 psi

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35
Q

What does the 2 ½” cellar nozzle flows ____ gpm @ ____ psi?

A

350gpm, 100psi

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36
Q

What does the 1 ½” cellar nozzle flow? and at what psi?

A

160gpm, 100 psi

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37
Q

What does the 1 3/8” smoothbore tip flow on the Akron Quick-Attack Mercury Monitor?

A

500gpm

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38
Q

What does the fog nozzle flow on the Akron Quick-Attack Mercury Monitor?

A

500gpm

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39
Q

What supply hose can be used for the Akron Quick-Attack Mercury Monitor?

A

2½” & 3” hoseline

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40
Q

What is the Max Inlet Pressure for the Akron Quick-Attack Mercury Monitor?

A

150psi

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41
Q

What is the appliance loss for the Akron Quick-Attack Mercury Monitor?

A

10psi

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42
Q

When using a combination monitor (fixed to the pumper but can be detached) with a smooth bore nozzle it will flow between ___ and ___ gpm @ ___ psi?

A

500 - 1000gpm, @ 80psi

43
Q

When using a combination monitor (fixed to the pumper but can be detached) with a fog nozzle it will flow between ___ and ___, @ ___ psi?

A

350 - 1250gpm, @ 100psi

44
Q

1st Principle of friction loss?

A

Friction loss will vary directly with the length of hose or pipe. (double the length of hose, double the friction loss)

45
Q

2nd Principle of friction loss?

A

Friction loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of the flow. (ex. double the flow = 4x’s the friction loss, triple the flow = 9x’s the friction loss)

46
Q

3rd Principle of friction loss?

A

When the flow remains constant the friction loss in a hose will decrease when the diameter of the hose is increased.

47
Q

4th Principle of friction loss?

A

For any given flow velocity, friction loss is dependent of the pressure. The velocity of water through a hose line, NOT pressure, causes friction loss. The faster you move water = the more friction loss you have.

48
Q

What are the friction loss coefficients for the hose sizes used in Fairfax County Fire & Rescue Department?

A

1’‘=150, 1¾”=10 (per IFSTA=15.5), 2”=8, 2½”=2, 3”=0.8, 3½”=0.34, 4”=0.2, 5”=0.08

49
Q

What is the equation for friction loss?

A

CQ²L (Coefficient x (flow/100) x hose length in hundreds of feet (length/100)

50
Q

Appliance loss for appliances flowing less than 350gpm?

A

ZERO

51
Q

Appliance loss for appliances flowing over 350gpm?

A

Add 10psi. (ex. mercury monitor, gated wye, siamese)

52
Q

What is the appliance loss for standpipes, ladder pipes, and master streams (except for the Mercury monitor)?

A

25 psi loss

53
Q

What is the equation to find out the Pump Discharge Pressure for an Attack Engine?

A

PDP = NP + TPL

54
Q

What is included in TPL?

A

Friction loss + Appliance loss +/- Elevation Pressure

55
Q

MAXIMUM SAFE PDP?

A

250psi

56
Q

The national foam JS-10 air aspirating nozzle has a rating of ___ gpm @ ___ psi at the tip?

A

100gpm @ 100psi

57
Q

Fairfax County’s portable foam eductor’s flow ___ to ___ gpm with a PDP of ___ psi at the eductor?

A

95-125, @ 200psi

58
Q

When flowing foam through the eductor the nozzle shall be no more than ___ feet above the eductor?

A

5 feet

59
Q

Akron Truck Mount, which is a by-pass proportioning system. This is an in-line eductor pre-piped into the front bumper discharge. This must be pumped at ___ psi?

A

200 psi

60
Q

When being supplied class B foam from another source the tank fill valve should remain _______? The intake pressure should not exceed ___ psi?

A

Closed, 10 psi

61
Q

The Husky Foam System is an electronic direct injection foam system that injects foam into the front bumper discharge. It is capable of injecting foam from 0.1% to 3% with a rated capacity of ___ gpm of foam concentrate at ___ psi?

A

3 gpm, @ 150psi

62
Q

All Fairfax County pumpers carry a minimum of ___ gallons of foam?

A

40 gallons

63
Q

CAFS application for fire attack?

A

0.3%

64
Q

CAFS application for overhaul & exposure protection?

A

0.5%

65
Q

(CAFS) How long can the air compressor operate without overheating?

A

2 hours

66
Q

Can CAFS pumpers supply other pumpers & trucks with water, Class A foam, or CAFS?

A

YES

67
Q

Using what tip size (smoothbore) creates the best finished product for fire attack (when using foam)?

A

15/16” tip

68
Q

What creates the best finish of CAFS for overhaul and exposure?

A

Gated Butt (remove the 15/16” tip)

69
Q

What is important to remember when using CAFS before attacking the fire?

A

Bleed the line longer to ensure the proper mixture

70
Q

What are some disadvantages of CAFS?

A
  1. Hosline kinks easier, Pierce recommends that CAFS lines are no longer than 250’ for max effectiveness
71
Q

What is the definition of a Relay operation?

A

2 or more pumpers that are in line between the water source and the nozzle

72
Q

Starting Pressure when supplying a 4’’ Line is?

A

50 psi

73
Q

Starting Pressure when supplying a 3’’ Line is?

A

100 psi

74
Q

Starting Pressure when supplying a 4” & 3” line is?

A

100 psi

75
Q

What is the formula used when finding the Pump Discharge Pressure for a supply engine?

A

PDP = RP + TPL (TPL= FL + AL +/- EP), RP= 20

76
Q

To maintain the maximum flow from a pressurized water source, such as a fire hydrant, add the incoming static pressure to ___ psi?

A

150 psi

77
Q

Friction Loss for two 3” lines?

A

0.2

78
Q

Friction Loss for one 4” line & one 3” line?

A

0.09

79
Q

Friction Loss for two 4” lines?

A

0.05

80
Q

Like Volumes Percentage Drop equation?

A

(SP-RP x 100) / SP

81
Q

0 - 10% = how many like volumes?

A

3

82
Q

11-15% = how many like volumes?

A

2

83
Q

16-25% = how many like volumes?

A

1

84
Q

> 25% = how many like volumes?

A

0

85
Q

What is the starting pressure when supplying a FDC for a standpipe?

A

150psi

86
Q

What is the appliance loss in a standpipe/siamese connection?

A

25 psi

87
Q

Starting Pressure for a standpipe system, sprinkler system, or combination system?

A

150 psi

88
Q

When do you charge a sprinkler system?

A
  1. Smoke or Fire showing. 2. Upon confirmation of a working fire.
89
Q

When do you charge a standpipe system?

A

Upon arrival at the scene, after securing a water supply from a hydrant, one line should be connected to the FDC and charged to 150 psi.

90
Q

When should a combination system be charged? At what psi?

A

These systems should be considered as a standpipe and supplied and charged immediately upon arrival on the scene and without orders. , 150 psi

91
Q

What hose should be used to supply an aerial device?

A

A minimum of one 4” line or two 3” lines.

92
Q

What is the appliance loss for all aerial devices? (Including the connection on the rear)

A

25 psi

93
Q

What is the starting pressure for all aerial devices?

A

150 psi

94
Q

As a Pump Operator when do you charge the supply line to any Truck/Tower/Tiller?

A

On orders of the Truck/Tower/Tiller OIC or Driver

95
Q

Nozzle Reaction equation? (smooth bore)

A

NR = 1.57 x d² x NP

96
Q

Nozzle Reaction equation? (fog nozzle)

A

NR = .0505 x Q x √NP

97
Q

It is recommended that the driver/operator connects ___ hydrant gates w/ 4’’ Storz couplings in the closed position to the 2½” spuds prior to charging the LDH supply line attached to the steamer?

A

2

98
Q

The following are the maximum flows to be expected from a pumper at draft using the Front / Side / Rear Intake?

A

Front = 900gpm, Side = 1750 gpm, Rear = 1500 -1750gpm

99
Q

When should drivers consider using their side intake first and their rear intake second?

A

Whenever a large quantity of water may be needed. (heavy fire, using a master stream, etc.)

100
Q

Anytime incoming pressure exceeds ___ psi, the pump shall be operated in pump gear. This includes being supplied in a relay or refilling the tank?

A

50 psi

101
Q

The mode switch must be in pressure mode and the up button must be depressed at least one time to ensure that?

A

The Pressure Govenor is activated

102
Q

After a water supply is established what should the engine driver do?

A

Close tank to pump to know if a water supply is lost.

103
Q

If a water supply has been lost and the driver opens the tank to pump, what must he/she do next?

A

Notify command and the interior crews

104
Q

If the water supply is ever lost in a relay what must the driver do?

A

Notify command and the interior crews

Hydraulics Theory & Practical Applications (1 decks)

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