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NOVA Manuals > Hydraulics - January 2014 > Flashcards

Hydraulics - January 2014 Flashcards

1
Q

One cubic foot contains ____ cubic inches.

A

1728 cubic inches.

Page 6

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2
Q

One cubic foot contains ____ gallons

A

7.5 gallons

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3
Q

One cubic foot of water weighs __________ lbs.

A

62.5 lbs

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4
Q

One gallon of water contains _____ cubic inches

A

231 cubic inches

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5
Q

One gallon of fresh water contains _____ lbs.

A

8.33 lbs

Page 7

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6
Q

A column of water 1’ high exerts a pressure of ____ psi at its base.

A

0.434 psi

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7
Q

A column of water _______ feet high exerts a pressure of 1 PSI at its base.

A

2.304 feet

Page 7

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8
Q

50’ of 1.75” hose contains____ gallons of water.

A

6.24 gallons

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9
Q

50’ of 1.88” hose contains ______ gallons of water.

A

7.2 gallons

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10
Q

50’ of 2.5” hose contains ______ gallons of water.

A

12.74 gallons

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11
Q

50’ of 3” hose contains _____ gallons of water

A

18.35 gallons

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12
Q

100’ of 4” hose contains _____ gallons of water

A

65.25 gallons

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13
Q

100’ of 5” hose contains ______ gallons of water.

A

101.94 gallons

Page 7

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14
Q

Nozzle pressure for hand lines with smooth bore nozzles is ___ psi but can be increased to ___ psi to achieve higher flow.

A

50 psi but can be increased to 65

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15
Q

Nozzle pressure for smooth bore master streams is ___ PSI but can be increased to ____ psi to achieve higher flow.

A

80 psi but can be increased to 100.

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16
Q

Akron assault nozzles are designed for ___ PSI nozzle pressure and flow ____ gpms with the fog nozzle and ___ gpms with the 15/16 smooth bore.

A

50 PSI

175 GPMs with the fog nozzle
185 GPMs with the smooth bore

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17
Q

The generic term applied to any nozzle, wye, siamese , deluge monitor or any other piece of hardware used in conjunction with fire hose for the purpose of delivering water.

A

Appliance

Page 7

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18
Q

Any pumping apparatus that is supplying water directly to attack lines.

A

Attack pumper

Page 7

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19
Q

Pumps used on all modern fire apparatus. This pump takes advantage of incoming pressure. Water enters the eye of the pump and then travels through one or more impellers.

A

Centrifugal pumps

Page 7

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20
Q

The quantity of water issuing from an opening expressed in gpm.

A

Discharge

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21
Q

Actual velocity pressure of the water (measured in PSI) for an individual hoseline.

A

Discharge pressure

Page 7

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22
Q

Master stream nozzle attached to or being operated from an aerial ladder.

A

Elevated stream

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23
Q

Gain or loss of pressure in a hose line or system due to a change in elevation.

A

Elevation pressure

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24
Q

Pressure created by the velocity of water coming from a discharge opening

A

Flow pressure

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25
Q

The loss of pressure created by turbulence of water moving against the interior walls, couplings and connections of the hose or pipes.

A

Friction Loss

Page 8

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26
Q

Line run directly from hydrant to an attack pumper.

A

Gutter Line

Page 8

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27
Q

Water pressure due to elevation.

A

Head pressure.

Page 8

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28
Q

Master stream nozzle mounted to the fly of an aerial ladder.

A

Ladder pipe

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29
Q

Any variety of of heavy caliber water streams delivering 350 gallons or more

A

Master stream

Page 8

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30
Q

The pressure found in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands, at any moment in time.

A

Normal operating pressure

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31
Q

The velocity pressure at which water is discharged from the nozzle

A

Nozzle pressure

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32
Q

Counter-force directed against a person or a device holding a nozzle by the velocity of water being discharged.

A

Nozzle reaction

Page 8

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33
Q

Small positive displacement pump used to evacuate air from a centrifugal pump housing allowing the pump to receive water.

A

Primer pump

Page 8

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34
Q

Actual velocity pressure of the water (measured in psi) as it leaves the pump

A

Pumper discharge pressure

Page 8

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35
Q

A pumper that is between the source pumper and attack pumper. This pumper receives water from the direction of the source pumper and boosts pressure towards the attack pumper.

A

Relay Pumper

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36
Q

Pressure remaining in a water system when water is flowing

A

Residual Pressure

Page 8

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37
Q

An appliance that combines two or more hose lines into one

A

Siamese

Page 8

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38
Q

The pressure exerted by water at rest in a confined vessel available to force the water through pipe, fittings, fire hose, and adapters.

A

Static pressure

Page 8

39
Q

The pumper connected to the water supply at the beginning of a relay operation.

A

Supply pumper or static pumper

Page 8

40
Q

The total amount of pressure loss in a hose assembly due to friction loss in the hose and appliances, elevation pressure and any other factors.

A

Total pressure loss

Page 8

41
Q

The speed at which water passes through a given point.

A

Velocity

Page 9

42
Q

The force created by the rapid deceleration of water. Generally occurs from opening or closing a valve too quickly. Damage to pumps, plumbing, and hose lines may occur.

A

Water hammer

Page 9

43
Q

An application that breaks one hose line into two or more hose lines with one female and two or more male outlets, usually gated.

A

Wye

Page 9

44
Q

What is 15/16 in decimal form?

A
  1. 9375
    * round to the nearest hundredth when doing math

Page 10

45
Q

What is the formula for determining the volume of a rectangle (in gallons)?

A

L’ x W’ x H’ x 7.5

Page 10

46
Q

What is the formula for determining the volume of a cylinder, pipe, or hose line in gallons?

A

Pi x r^2 x H’ or L’ x 7.5

Page 11

47
Q

What is the formula to determine the GPM flow of a smooth bore nozzle?

A

29.7 x D^2 x sqrt(NP)

Page 14

48
Q

Based on theoretical calculations, what are the flow rates for all 6 smooth bore tips at 50 PSI nozzle pressure?

A

1/2” - 53 gpm

7/8” - 161 gpm

15/16” - 185 gpm

1” - 210 gpm

1 1/8 - 266 gpm

1 1/4 - 328 gpm

Page 14

49
Q

Based on fire ground calculations, what are the flow rates for all 6 smooth bore tips used on hand lines at 50 psi nozzle pressure?

A

1/2” - 50 gpm

7/8” - 150 gpm

15/16” - 185 gpm

1” - 200 gpm

1 1/8” - 250 gpm

1 1/4” - 325 gpm

Page 14

50
Q

Based on theoretical calculations, what are the flow rates for all 5 smooth bore smooth bore tips used for master streams?

A

1 1/4” - 415 gpm

1 3/8” - 502 gpm

1 1/2” - 598 gpm

1 3/4” - 814 gpm

2” - 1062 gpm

Page 15

51
Q

Based on fire ground calculations, what are the flow rates for all 5 smooth bore smooth bore tips used for master streams?

A

1 1/4” - 400 gpm

1 3/8 - 500 gpm

1 1/2 - 600 gpm

1 3/4 - 800 gpm

2” - 1000 gpm

Page 15

52
Q

The 1” adjustable gallonage fog nozzle is an adjustable flow nozzle that can be set to lever ____ to ____ gpm.

A

12 to 60 GPM

Page 15

53
Q

The 1 1/2” Akron assault nozzle flows _____ gpm.

A

175 GPM

Page 15

54
Q

The 2 1/2” Akron fog nozzle is an adjustable flow fog nozzle that can be set to deliver ______ and _____ gpm.

A

125 and 250 GPM

Page 15

55
Q

The Akron Quick - Attack mercury monitor flows _____ gpm.

A

500 GPM

Page 15

56
Q

Master stream fog nozzles have an operating range of _______ to ______ gpm.

A

150 to 2000 GPM

Page 15

57
Q

How are booster reel lines usually configured on county engines?

A

They are usually 150’ long, 1” rubber line with adjustable gallonage fog nozzle that can flow between 12-60 GPM with 100 PSI nozzle pressure.

Page 16

58
Q

There are two nozzles that are typically used with the 1” forestry line. One is the 1” adjustable gallonage fog nozzle that flows between 12-60 GPM. What is the other and what does it flow?

A

The red fog nozzle that flows 22 GPM @ 100 PSI

Page 16

59
Q

What is the flow rate and nozzle pressure of the decon shower?

A

270 GPM @ 75 PSI

Page 17

60
Q

What is the flow rate and nozzle pressure for the piercing nozzle?

What is another name for this nozzle?

A

125 GPM @ 100 PSI

Penetrating

Page 17

61
Q

The 2.5” distributor nozzle flows _____ GPM at _____ PSI.

A

250 GPM @ 100 PSI

Page 18

62
Q

The 1.5” distributor nozzle flows ______ GPM at _____ PSI.

A

95 GPM @ 50 PSI

Page 18

63
Q

The 2.5” cellar nozzle flows _____ GPM at ____ PSI.

A

350 GPM @ 100 PSI.

Page 18

64
Q

The 1.5” cellar nozzle flows _____ GPM at _____ PSI.

A

160 GPM @ 100 PSI

Page 18

65
Q

Fixed monitors with smooth bore nozzles should have a PDP of _________.

A

120 PSI for the 2” Smooth bore.

110 for the other three stacked tips.

Page 18

66
Q

Fixed monitors with a Task Force automatic nozzle should have final discharge gauge pressures of _____________.

A

90 PSI for 500 GPMs

110 PSI for 750 GPMs

120 PSI for 1000 GPM

140 PSI for 1250 GPM

Page 19

67
Q

Fixed monitors with an Akron adjustable flow nozzle should have final discharge gauge pressures of ______________.

A

100 PSI for 500 GPMs

110 PSI for 750 GPMs

130 PSI for 1000 GPMs

140 PSI for 1250 GPMs

Page 19

68
Q

The Akron Quick-Attack Mercury monitor flows _____ GPM through either the smooth bore or fog nozzle.

A

500 GPMs

Page 19

69
Q

What is the maximum inlet pressure for the mercury monitor?

A

150 PSI

Page 19

70
Q

What is the appliance loss for the mercury monitor?

A

10 PSI

Page 19

71
Q

What are the four basic principles that govern friction loss in fire hose and piping?

A
  1. All variables being the same, friction loss will vary directly with the length of hose or pipe.
  2. All variables being the same, the friction loss will varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of the flow.
  3. When the flow remains constant the friction loss in a hose will decrease when the diameter of the hose is increased. *Mathematically, friction loss varies inversely to the fifth power as the diameter of the hose.
  4. For any given flow velocity, friction loss is independent of pressure.

Pages 20-21

72
Q

What are the coefficients of friction for the different size hose lines?

A

1” - 150

1 3/4” - 10 per fairfax / 15.5 per IFSTA

2” - 8

2.5” - 2

3” - 0.8

4” - 0.2

5” - 0.08

Dual 3” Lines - 0.2

One 4” and One 3” line - 0.09

Dual 4” - 0.05

Page 21 and Page 38 for dual lines

73
Q

What is the formula to determine friction loss?

A

FL = C (Q/100)^2 * (L/100)

Page 22

74
Q

How much PSI is added for appliance loss?

A

Less than 350 GPM - 0

Over 350 GPM - 10

Standpipes, ladder pipes and master streams (excluding the mercury monitor) - 25 PSI

Page 24

75
Q

What is the formula to figure Pump discharge pressure?

A 
PDP = NP + TPL for Attack lines
PDP = RP + TPL for Supply lines

Page 28 (attack lines) and Page 34 (supply line)

76
Q

What is the formula to figure Total Pressure Loss?

A

TPL = FL + AL + EL

Page 28

77
Q

What is the maximum safe PDP?

A

250 PSI

Page 28

78
Q

What is the flow rate of the portable foam eductors used in Fairfax County and how should it be set up with placed in service?

A

95 to 125 GPM with a pump discharge press of 200 PSI

The eductor must be placed 50 feet from the pump and within 200 feet of the nozzle with the nozzle no higher than 5 feet above the eductor

Page 31

79
Q

All Fairfax County pumpers carry a minimum of how much foam?

A

40 gallons

Page 32

80
Q

Pierce recommends that CAFS only be used in lines up to what length for maximum effectiveness.

A

250 feet

Page 33

81
Q

What is the starting pressure for 4” supply line?

A

50 PSI

Page 34

82
Q

What is the starting pressure for 3” supply line?

A

100 PSI

Page 34

83
Q

What is the pump rating for must engines in Fairfax County?

A

1500 GPM at 150 PSI

Page 36

84
Q

Most hydrants in Fairfax County can deliver at least how much water?

A

At least 1,000 GPM

Page 36

85
Q

What is the formula to figure out how much more available water you have available?

A

Like volume = (SP-RP) * 100 / SP

0 - 10% - 3 times the original amount
11-15% - 2 times the original amount
16-25% - 1 times the original amount
> 25% - Less than 1 times the original amount

Page 40

86
Q

When do you charge a sprinkler system?

A

When there is smoke or fire showing or upon confirmation of a working fire.

Page 44

87
Q

When do you charge standpipes or combination systems?

A

Immediately upon arrival to the scene without orders

Page 44

88
Q

When do you charge the lines that are supplying a ladder truck?

A

On orders of the truck OIC or driver.

Page 45

89
Q

This type of attack is a tactic of rapidly placing a large volume of water on the fire to extinguish the bulk of the fire so it can be easily mopped up.

A

A blitz attack

Page 47

90
Q

What are the maximum flows that can be expected from each intake at draft?

A

Front intake - 900 GPM
Side intake - 1750 GPM or greater
Rear intake - 1500-1750 GPM

Page 49

91
Q

The pump shall be in pump gear whenever the incoming pressure is above what PSI?

A

50 PSI

Page 50

92
Q

This devices increases or decreases the pressure by adjusting the engine RPM as necessary to maintain the set pump discharge pressure.

A

The pressure governor

Page 51

93
Q

This operates on the principle of diverting the excess water back to the intake side of the pump or on the ground.

A

Relief valves

Page 51

94
Q

What is the alternate method of determining like volume.

A

*Using 80 PSI as static pressure

Find 10 Percent by moving the decimal 1 space to the left. (8 PSI)

Find 15% by dividing the 10% number by 2 and adding it to the 10% (8 PSI + 4 PSI = 12 PSI)

Find 25% by adding the 10% and 15% numbers together (12 PSI + 8 PSI = 20 PSI)

If there is less than a 10% drop (8 PSI) then there is 3x like volumes available.

If there is between a 11% drop and 15% drop, there is 2x like volumes available.

If there is between a 16% drop and 25% drop, there is 1x like volumes available.

If there is more than a 25% drop, there is 0x like volume available

Page 52 and 53

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