Hydraulics and Geotechnical Principle Engineering Flashcards
It is the ratio of volume of void spaces to volume of solid substance.
Void Ratio
It is the ratio of volume of voids to the volume of soil sample / specimen.
Porosity
It is the ratio of volume of water in the void spaces to volume of voids.
Degree of Saturation
It is the ratio of water to the weight of solids in a given volume of soil.
Moisture Content
Weight of soil per unit volume
Unit weight
Weight of soil per unit volume without water
Dry unit weight
The bulk unit weight of a soil when it is 100 percent saturated
Saturated unit weight
Total wet / moist unit weight. It is the total weight over total volume
Bulk unit weight
The hydraulic gradient that brings soil (essentially, coarse-grained soils) to static liquefaction
Critical hydraulic gradient, i
The ratio of the total mass to the total volume of a unit of soil. Usually expressed as a unit weight where weight is interchanged with mass.
Density
The ratio of the mass of the solids (soil grains) to the total unit volume of soil
Dry Density
Density of granular soil relative to the minimum and maximum densities achieved for that particular soil.
Density Index / Relative Density
Difference between the total density and the density of water.
Submerged / buoyant density
Used to describe the degree of firmness of soil
Consistency
The attraction of one water to another resulting from hydrogen bonding (water-water bond)
Cohesion
It invloves the attraction of water molecule to a nonwater molecule (water-non water bond)
Adhesion
The capacity of soil to adhere to other objects. It is estimated at mositure content that displays macimum adherence between thumb and forefinger.
Stickiness
A field of measure of the ability of soil to withstand an applied stress or pressure as applied using the thumb and forefinger.
Rupture Resistance
The limits of water content used to define soil behavior
Atterberg’s Limit
The moisture content in percent required to close a distance of 12.7 mm along the bottom of the groove after 25 blows (defined as the moisture content at which soil beigns to behave as a liquid material and begins to flow)
Liquid Limit
The device used in this method consists of a brass cup and a hard rubber. The brass cup is dropped onto the base by a cam operated by crank.
Cup Method to Determine Liquid Limit
The moisture content at which the transition from semi-solid to plastic state.
Plastic Limit
The moisture content at which the transition from solid to semi-solid takes place defined as the moisture content at which no further volume chnage occurs with further reduction in moisture content.
Shrinkage Limit
Ratio which signifies the relative consistency of a cohesive in the natural state
Liquidity Index
Degree of a soik can be molded or reworked causing permanent deformation without rupturing
Plasticity
The ratio of the difference between the liquid limit and water content to the difference between the liquid limit and the plasticity index.
Consistency Index
Difference between the liquid limit and plastic limit of a soil
Plasticity Index
Soils formed by the weathered products at their place of origin
Residual soil
Soils formed by deposition of quiet lakes
Lacustrine Soil
Soils transported by running water and deposited along streams
Alluvial Soil
Soils formed by the transportation and deposition of glaciers
Glacial Soil
Soils deformed by deposition in the seas
Marine Soil
Soil with occasional particles of quartz, fledspar, and other minerals
Gravel Soil
Soil transported and deposited by wind
Aelian Soil
Defined the ratio of the plasticty index to the percent of clay size fraction, by weight as activity.
Skempton
Difference between the plastic and shrinkage limits.
Shrinkage Index
Used to determine the grain size distribution of coarse-grained soil.
Sieve Analysis
Used to determine the grain size distribution of the soils passing the No. 200 sieve.
Hydrometer Analysis
This diameter in the particle size distribution curve corresponding to 10% finer. It is used to measure the hydraulic conductivity and drainage through the soil.
Effective size
Used to determine the following four (4) parameters for a given soil.
Particle-Size Distribution Curve
Defined as the ratio between the grain diameter (in mm) corresponding to 60% passing on the curve (D60) divided by the diameter of the 10% (D10) passing.
Coefficient of Uniformity
Defined as the ratio between the square of the grain diameter (in mm) corresponding to 30% passing on the curve (D30) divided y the product of the grain diameter of the 60% passing and the diameter of the 10% passing.
Coefficient of Gradation
A measure of the shape parameter obtained from a grain size distribution curve.
Coefficient of Curvature
A type of soil in the particle size distribution curve in which most of the soil grains are the same.
Poorly Graded
A system that has 8 major group for soil classification.
AASHTO System
A system for soil classification that describes texture. It can be applied to most unconsolidated materials.
USCS System
Soils with more than 50% by weight of grains retained on the #200 sieve (0.075 mm)
Coarse-grained soils
Silt and Clay Soils. Soils containing particles smaller than No. 200 sieve or 0.075 mm in size according to the Unified Soil Classification System.
Fine-grained soils
According to the USCS Soil Classification of a soil particle whose size is greater than 75 mm is called ____
Cobbles
also called as Textural classification system
USDA System
Soil particles which are finer (smaller) than 0.002 mm in size.
Clay
