Hydraulics Flashcards
1
Q
What are the main topics in the hydraulic outline?
A
How hydraulics work, Accumulator, Pumps, Fluid, Undercarriage, System faults, Brakes, Brake failures.
2
Q
Why is hydraulics used in aircraft systems?
A
Hydraulics is a very efficient way to operate many aircraft systems.
3
Q
Where can the heart of the hydraulic system be located?
A
The heart of the hydraulic system can be located anywhere in the aircraft.
4
Q
How can hydraulic systems be operated?
A
Hydraulic systems can be manual, as in brakes, or electrically driven, as in some undercarriage systems.
5
Q
What is a standpipe in hydraulic systems?
A
A standpipe ensures that the system doesn’t use fluid from the bottom of the reservoir, reserving fluid for emergency use when the normal system fluid level is low.
6
Q
What components help regulate pressure in hydraulic systems?
A
Pressure regulators for normal operation and pressure relief valves in case of overpressure.
7
Q
What happens when hydraulic fluid is low?
A
The system can function normally but with less fluid moving during emergencies; pressure remains the same.
8
Q
What prevents fluid surging in hydraulic systems?
A
Baffles are located in the system to prevent surging and sloshing.
9
Q
What are the main components of a basic hydraulic system?
A
Reservoir, System Relief Valve, Pump, Check Valves (C.V.), Selector Valve, Double-Acting Cylinder, Hydraulic Pressure, Hydraulic Fluid Supply, Return Fluid.
10
Q
What does the double-acting cylinder in a hydraulic system do?
A
It converts hydraulic pressure into motion.
11
Q
What happens to the ram in the hydraulic system when pressure is applied to the actuator?
A
The ram is forced out.
12
Q
What happens to the ram in the hydraulic system when the actuator pressure is reversed?
A
The ram is forced in.
13
Q
What does a more complex hydraulic system include?
A
More units like a power pump, filter, pressure regulator, accumulator, selector valves (SV), and system relief valves.
14
Q
What are the two chambers in a hydraulic accumulator filled with?
A
One chamber is filled with nitrogen and the other with hydraulic fluid.
15
Q
Why are accumulators mainly fitted to larger aircraft?
A
They require a lot of pressure for braking, extending, and retracting gear or flight controls like flaps.
16
Q
What is the purpose of an accumulator in a hydraulic system?
A
It maintains line pressure during pump failure or when the pump cannot keep up. It also dampens pulsations and allows for thermal expansion.
17
Q
What are the two types of hydraulic accumulators?
A
Piston accumulator and bladder accumulator.
18
Q
What does a piston accumulator consist of?
A
It has a cylinder, piston, gas section, and hydraulic fluid section.
19
Q
What does a bladder accumulator consist of?
A
It has a bag, gas section, hydraulic fluid section, and anti-extrusion valve.
20
Q
What is the main function of a gear pump in a hydraulic system?
A
To convert low-pressure fluid from the inlet into high-pressure fluid at the outlet.
21
Q
What are the key components of a gear pump?
A
Driver gear, driven gear (or idle gear), driver shaft, casing, and inlet/outlet ports.
22
Q
What is a variable displacement valve?
A
A valve that adjusts fluid flow by altering the position of the swashplate and pistons.
23
Q
What are the main parts of a variable displacement valve?
A
Swashplate, pistons, cylinder block, drive shaft, inlet valve plate slot, and outlet valve plate slot.
24
Q
What is the purpose of a check valve in a hydraulic system?
A
To allow fluid to flow in one direction only, preventing backflow.
25
What can cause a check valve to malfunction?
Foreign debris can cause the valve to stick open or closed.
26
What are the essential roles of hydraulic fluids?
Lubricate, cool, and clean the system.
27
What are the three types of hydraulic fluids?
Vegetable-based, mineral-based, and synthetic-based.
28
What characteristics must hydraulic fluids have?
Low viscosity, low freezing point, high boiling point, non-corrosive, non-flammable, and usually colored red.
29
What types of systems can operate retractable aircraft landing gear?
Electrics, hydraulics, or pneumatics.
30
What features are typically included in retractable landing gear systems?
Uplocks/downlocks, anti-retraction devices, emergency systems, and free-fall deployment.
31
What are the three common system faults in hydraulic systems?
Air in the system, leaks in the system, and low accumulator pressure.
32
What problems can air in the hydraulic system cause?
Overheating and restricted ram movement due to compressibility of air.
33
What is the primary function of disc brakes in hydraulic systems?
They use fluid pressure from the brake pedal to make the cylinders clamp on the disc, stopping the rotation.
34
What components are involved in the disc brake system?
Brake pedal, master cylinder, caliper brake, brake pads, disc rotor, and vacuum power brake booster.
35
What are the main topics in the hydraulic outline?
How hydraulics work, Accumulator, Pumps, Fluid, Undercarriage, System faults, Brakes, Brake failures.
36
Why is hydraulics used in aircraft systems?
Hydraulics is a very efficient way to operate many aircraft systems.
37
Where can the heart of the hydraulic system be located?
The heart of the hydraulic system can be located anywhere in the aircraft.
38
How can hydraulic systems be operated?
Hydraulic systems can be manual, as in brakes, or electrically driven, as in some undercarriage systems.
39
What is a standpipe in hydraulic systems?
A standpipe ensures that the system doesn't use fluid from the bottom of the reservoir, reserving fluid for emergency use when the normal system fluid level is low.
40
What components help regulate pressure in hydraulic systems?
Pressure regulators for normal operation and pressure relief valves in case of overpressure.
41
What happens when hydraulic fluid is low?
The system can function normally but with less fluid moving during emergencies; pressure remains the same.
42
What prevents fluid surging in hydraulic systems?
Baffles are located in the system to prevent surging and sloshing.
43
What are the main components of a basic hydraulic system?
Reservoir, System Relief Valve, Pump, Check Valves (C.V.), Selector Valve, Double-Acting Cylinder, Hydraulic Pressure, Hydraulic Fluid Supply, Return Fluid.
44
What does the double-acting cylinder in a hydraulic system do?
It converts hydraulic pressure into motion.
45
What happens to the ram in the hydraulic system when pressure is applied to the actuator?
The ram is forced out.
46
What happens to the ram in the hydraulic system when the actuator pressure is reversed?
The ram is forced in.
47
What does a more complex hydraulic system include?
More units like a power pump, filter, pressure regulator, accumulator, selector valves (SV), and system relief valves.
48
What are the two chambers in a hydraulic accumulator filled with?
One chamber is filled with nitrogen and the other with hydraulic fluid.
49
Why are accumulators mainly fitted to larger aircraft?
They require a lot of pressure for braking, extending, and retracting gear or flight controls like flaps.
50
What is the purpose of an accumulator in a hydraulic system?
It maintains line pressure during pump failure or when the pump cannot keep up. It also dampens pulsations and allows for thermal expansion.
51
What are the two types of hydraulic accumulators?
Piston accumulator and bladder accumulator.
52
What does a piston accumulator consist of?
It has a cylinder, piston, gas section, and hydraulic fluid section.
53
What does a bladder accumulator consist of?
It has a bag, gas section, hydraulic fluid section, and anti-extrusion valve.
54
What is the main function of a gear pump in a hydraulic system?
To convert low-pressure fluid from the inlet into high-pressure fluid at the outlet.
55
What are the key components of a gear pump?
Driver gear, driven gear (or idle gear), driver shaft, casing, and inlet/outlet ports.
56
What is a variable displacement valve?
A valve that adjusts fluid flow by altering the position of the swashplate and pistons.
57
What are the main parts of a variable displacement valve?
Swashplate, pistons, cylinder block, drive shaft, inlet valve plate slot, and outlet valve plate slot.
58
What is the purpose of a check valve in a hydraulic system?
To allow fluid to flow in one direction only, preventing backflow.
59
What can cause a check valve to malfunction?
Foreign debris can cause the valve to stick open or closed.
60
What are the essential roles of hydraulic fluids?
Lubricate, cool, and clean the system.
61
What are the three types of hydraulic fluids?
Vegetable-based, mineral-based, and synthetic-based.
62
What characteristics must hydraulic fluids have?
Low viscosity, low freezing point, high boiling point, non-corrosive, non-flammable, and usually colored red.
63
What types of systems can operate retractable aircraft landing gear?
Electrics, hydraulics, or pneumatics.
64
What features are typically included in retractable landing gear systems?
Uplocks/downlocks, anti-retraction devices, emergency systems, and free-fall deployment.
65
What are the three common system faults in hydraulic systems?
Air in the system, leaks in the system, and low accumulator pressure.
66
What problems can air in the hydraulic system cause?
Overheating and restricted ram movement due to compressibility of air.
67
What is the primary function of disc brakes in hydraulic systems?
They use fluid pressure from the brake pedal to make the cylinders clamp on the disc, stopping the rotation.
68
What components are involved in the disc brake system?
Brake pedal, master cylinder, caliper brake, brake pads, disc rotor, and vacuum power brake booster.
69
What are the two main faults associated with disc brakes?
Air in the brake line (spongy feeling) and leaks in the system (pedals not returning to original position).
70
What factors affect brake performance?
Wet/dirty disc and pads, condition of disc and pads, and size of calipers and disc.
71
What is hydroplaning in aviation?
When an aircraft tire skids across the top of water instead of contacting the runway surface, leading to no grip.
72
What factors influence hydroplaning?
The forward speed of the aircraft and the tire pressure.
73
What are the pros of hydraulic systems?
Deliver massive amounts of force using very little input power and the bulk of the system can be located anywhere in the plane.
74
What are the cons of hydraulic systems?
Expensive, can get air into the lines, can leak, and require regular maintenance such as checking and replacing lines, adding fluid, and bleeding the system.
75
What are the main topics in the hydraulic outline?
How hydraulics work, Accumulator, Pumps, Fluid, Undercarriage, System faults, Brakes, Brake failures.
76
Why is hydraulics used in aircraft systems?
Hydraulics is a very efficient way to operate many aircraft systems.
77
Where can the heart of the hydraulic system be located?
The heart of the hydraulic system can be located anywhere in the aircraft.
78
How can hydraulic systems be operated?
Hydraulic systems can be manual, as in brakes, or electrically driven, as in some undercarriage systems.
79
What is a standpipe in hydraulic systems?
A standpipe ensures that the system doesn't use fluid from the bottom of the reservoir, reserving fluid for emergency use when the normal system fluid level is low.
80
What components help regulate pressure in hydraulic systems?
Pressure regulators for normal operation and pressure relief valves in case of overpressure.
81
What happens when hydraulic fluid is low?
The system can function normally but with less fluid moving during emergencies; pressure remains the same.
82
What prevents fluid surging in hydraulic systems?
Baffles are located in the system to prevent surging and sloshing.
83
What are the main components of a basic hydraulic system?
Reservoir, System Relief Valve, Pump, Check Valves (C.V.), Selector Valve, Double-Acting Cylinder, Hydraulic Pressure, Hydraulic Fluid Supply, Return Fluid.
84
What does the double-acting cylinder in a hydraulic system do?
It converts hydraulic pressure into motion.
85
What happens to the ram in the hydraulic system when pressure is applied to the actuator?
The ram is forced out.
86
What happens to the ram in the hydraulic system when the actuator pressure is reversed?
The ram is forced in.
87
What does a more complex hydraulic system include?
More units like a power pump, filter, pressure regulator, accumulator, selector valves (SV), and system relief valves.
88
What are the two chambers in a hydraulic accumulator filled with?
One chamber is filled with nitrogen and the other with hydraulic fluid.
89
Why are accumulators mainly fitted to larger aircraft?
They require a lot of pressure for braking, extending, and retracting gear or flight controls like flaps.
90
What is the purpose of an accumulator in a hydraulic system?
It maintains line pressure during pump failure or when the pump cannot keep up. It also dampens pulsations and allows for thermal expansion.
91
What are the two types of hydraulic accumulators?
Piston accumulator and bladder accumulator.
92
What does a piston accumulator consist of?
It has a cylinder, piston, gas section, and hydraulic fluid section.
93
What does a bladder accumulator consist of?
It has a bag, gas section, hydraulic fluid section, and anti-extrusion valve.
94
What is the main function of a gear pump in a hydraulic system?
To convert low-pressure fluid from the inlet into high-pressure fluid at the outlet.
95
What are the key components of a gear pump?
Driver gear, driven gear (or idle gear), driver shaft, casing, and inlet/outlet ports.
96
What is a variable displacement valve?
A valve that adjusts fluid flow by altering the position of the swashplate and pistons.
97
What are the main parts of a variable displacement valve?
Swashplate, pistons, cylinder block, drive shaft, inlet valve plate slot, and outlet valve plate slot.
98
What is the purpose of a check valve in a hydraulic system?
To allow fluid to flow in one direction only, preventing backflow.
99
What can cause a check valve to malfunction?
Foreign debris can cause the valve to stick open or closed.
100
What are the main topics in the hydraulic outline?
How hydraulics work, Accumulator, Pumps, Fluid, Undercarriage, System faults, Brakes, Brake failures.
101
Why is hydraulics used in aircraft systems?
Hydraulics is a very efficient way to operate many aircraft systems.
102
Where can the heart of the hydraulic system be located?
The heart of the hydraulic system can be located anywhere in the aircraft.
103
How can hydraulic systems be operated?
Hydraulic systems can be manual, as in brakes, or electrically driven, as in some undercarriage systems.
104
What is a standpipe in hydraulic systems?
A standpipe ensures that the system doesn't use fluid from the bottom of the reservoir, reserving fluid for emergency use when the normal system fluid level is low.
105
What components help regulate pressure in hydraulic systems?
Pressure regulators for normal operation and pressure relief valves in case of overpressure.
106
What happens when hydraulic fluid is low?
The system can function normally but with less fluid moving during emergencies; pressure remains the same.
107
What prevents fluid surging in hydraulic systems?
Baffles are located in the system to prevent surging and sloshing.
108
What are the main components of a basic hydraulic system?
Reservoir, System Relief Valve, Pump, Check Valves (C.V.), Selector Valve, Double-Acting Cylinder, Hydraulic Pressure, Hydraulic Fluid Supply, Return Fluid.
109
What does the double-acting cylinder in a hydraulic system do?
It converts hydraulic pressure into motion.
110
What are the main topics in the hydraulic outline?
How hydraulics work, Accumulator, Pumps, Fluid, Undercarriage, System faults, Brakes, Brake failures.
111
Why is hydraulics used in aircraft systems?
Hydraulics is a very efficient way to operate many aircraft systems.
112
Where can the heart of the hydraulic system be located?
The heart of the hydraulic system can be located anywhere in the aircraft.
113
How can hydraulic systems be operated?
Hydraulic systems can be manual, as in brakes, or electrically driven, as in some undercarriage systems.
114
What is a standpipe in hydraulic systems?
A standpipe ensures that the system doesn't use fluid from the bottom of the reservoir, reserving fluid for emergency use when the normal system fluid level is low.
115
What components help regulate pressure in hydraulic systems?
Pressure regulators for normal operation and pressure relief valves in case of overpressure.
116
What happens when hydraulic fluid is low?
The system can function normally but with less fluid moving during emergencies; pressure remains the same.
117
What prevents fluid surging in hydraulic systems?
Baffles are located in the system to prevent surging and sloshing.
118
What are the main components of a basic hydraulic system?
Reservoir, System Relief Valve, Pump, Check Valves (C.V.), Selector Valve, Double-Acting Cylinder, Hydraulic Pressure, Hydraulic Fluid Supply, Return Fluid.
119
What does the double-acting cylinder in a hydraulic system do?
It converts hydraulic pressure into motion.
120
What happens to the ram in the hydraulic system when pressure is applied to the actuator?
The ram is forced out.
121
What happens to the ram in the hydraulic system when the actuator pressure is reversed?
The ram is forced in.
122
What does a more complex hydraulic system include?
More units like a power pump, filter, pressure regulator, accumulator, selector valves (SV), and system relief valves.
123
What are the two chambers in a hydraulic accumulator filled with?
One chamber is filled with nitrogen and the other with hydraulic fluid.
124
Why are accumulators mainly fitted to larger aircraft?
They require a lot of pressure for braking, extending, and retracting gear or flight controls like flaps.
125
What is the purpose of an accumulator in a hydraulic system?
It maintains line pressure during pump failure or when the pump cannot keep up. It also dampens pulsations and allows for thermal expansion.
