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HGE ✨ > Hydraulics > Flashcards

Hydraulics Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid is a substance that
A. cannot be subjected to shear forces
B. always expands until it fills any container
C. has the same shear stress at a point regardless of its motion
D. cannot remain at rest under action of any shear force

A

D. cannot remain at rest under action of any shear force

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2
Q

Density of water is maximum at
A. 0°C
B. 4°C
C. 100°C
D. 20°C

A

B. 4°C

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3
Q

Property of a fluid by which its own molecules are attracted is called

A. adhesion
B. cohesion
C. viscosity
D. surface tension

A

B. cohesion

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4
Q

Property of a fluid by which molecules of
different kinds of fluids are attracted to
each other is called

A. adhesion
B. cohesion
C. viscosity
D. surface tension

A

A. adhesion

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5
Q

The normal stress in a fluid will be constant in all directions at a point only if

A. it is incompressible
B. it has zero viscosity
C. it is frictionless
D. it is at rest

A

D. it is at rest

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6
Q

Specific weight of sea water is more that of pure water because it contains

A. dissolved air
B. dissolved salt
C. suspended matter
D. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

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7
Q

Free surface of a liquid tends to contract to the smallest possible area due to force of

A. surface tension
B. viscosity
C. friction
D. cohesion

A

A. surface tension

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8
Q

A liquid would wet the solid, if adhesion forces as compared to cohesion forces are

A. less
B. more
C. equal
D. less at low temperature and more
at high temperature

A

B. more

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9
Q

Barometer is used to measure

A. pressure in pipes, channels etc
B. atmospheric pressure
C. very low pressure
D. difference of pressure between two points

A

B. atmospheric pressure

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10
Q

Manometer is used to measure

A. pressure in pipes, channels etc.
B. atmospheric pressure
C. very low pressure
D. velocity in pipes

A

A. pressure in pipes, channels etc.

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11
Q

If cohesion between molecules of a fluid is greater than adhesion between fluid and glass, then the free level of fluid in a dipped glass tube will be

A. higher than the surface of liquid
B. the same as the surface of liquid
C. lower than the surface of liquid
D. unpredictable

A

C. lower than the surface of liquid

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12
Q

When a fluid is subjected to resistance,
it undergoes a volumetric change due to

A. Cohesion
B. Strain
C. Compressibility
D. Adhesion

A

C. Compressibility

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13
Q

Liquids transmit pressure equally in all the directions. This is according to
A. Boyle’s law
B. Archimedes principle
C. Pascal’s law
D. Newton’s formula

A

C. Pascal’s law

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14
Q

The rise or depression of liquid in a tube due to surface tension with an increase in size of tube will

A. increase
B. remain unaffected
C. may increase or decrease depending on the characteristics of liquid
D. decrease

A

D. decrease

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15
Q

Mercury is often used in barometer because

A. it is the best liquid
B. the height of barometer will be less
C. its vapor pressure is so low that it
may be neglected
D. both (b) and (c)

A

D. both (b) and (c)

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16
Q

The point in the immersed body through which the resultant pressure of the liquid may be taken to act
is known as

A. metacenter
B. center of pressure
C. center of buoyancy
D. center of gravity

A

B. center of pressure

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17
Q

Which of the following is the correct relation between centroid (cg) and the center of pressure (cp) of a submerged in a liquid?
A. cg is always below cp
B. cp is always below cg
C. cg is either at cp or below it
D. cp is either at cg or below it

A

D. cp is either at cg or below it

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18
Q

The total pressure force on a plane area is equal to the area multiplied by the intensity of pressure at the centroid, if

A. the area is horizontal
B. the area is vertical
C. the area is inclined
D. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

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19
Q

Choose the wrong statement

A. The horizontal component of the hydro-static force on any surface is equal to the normal force on the vertical projection of the surface
B. The horizontal component acts through the center of pressure for the vertical projection
C. The vertical component of the hydrostatic force on any surface is equal to the weight of the volume of the liquid above the area
D. The vertical component passes through the center of pressure of the volume

A

D. The vertical component passes through the center of pressure of the volume

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20
Q

Center of pressure on an inclined plane is

A. at the centroid
B. above the centroid
C. below the centroid
D. at metacenter

A

C. below the centroid

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21
Q

Can center of pressure for a vertical plane submerged surface be ever be above center of gravity?

A. Yes
B. No
C. It can be above in cases where the
surface height is very large
D. None of the mentioned

A

B. No

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22
Q

In a vertically submerged plane surface, pressure at every point remains same.

A. True
B. False

A

B. False

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23
Q

For an inclined plate the pressure intensity at every point differs.

A. True
B. False

A

A. True

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24
Q

The magnitude of total pressure and center of pressure is independent on the shape of the submerged plane surface.

A. True
B. False

A

B. False

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25
Q

What is the variation of total pressure with depth for any submerged surface if we neglect variation in the density?

A. Linear
B. Parabolic
C. Curvilinear
D. Logarithmic

A

A. Linear

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26
Q

The resultant upward pressure of a fluid on a floating body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This definition is according to

A. Equilibrium of a floating body
B. Archimedes’ principle
C. Bernoulli’s theorem
D. Metacentric principle

A

B. Archimedes’ principle

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27
Q

The resultant upward pressure of the fluid on an immersed body is called

A. upthrust
B. buoyant force
C. center of pressure
D. all the above

A

B. buoyant force

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28
Q

What is the principal cause of action of buoyant force on a body submerged partially or fully in fluid?

A. Displacement of fluid due to submerged body
B. Development of force due to dynamic action
C. Internal shear forces mitigating external forces
D. None of the mentione

A

A. Displacement of fluid due to
submerged body

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29
Q

The center of gravity of the volume of the liquid displaced by an immersed body is called

A. metacenter
B. center of pressure
C. center of buoyancy
D. center of gravity

A

C. center of buoyancy

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30
Q

The horizontal component of buoyant force is

A. negligible
B. same as buoyant force
C. zero
D. none of the above

A

C. zero

31
Q

The line of action of the buoyant force acts through the
A. centroid of the volume of fluid vertically above the body
B. center of the volume of floating body
C. center of gravity of any submerged body
D. centroid of the displaced volume of fluid

A

D. centroid of the displaced volume of fluid

32
Q

Choose the wrong statement

A. any weight, floating or immersed in a
liquid, is acted upon by a buoyant force

B. Buoyant force is equal to the weight of the
liquid displaced

C. The point through which buoyant force
acts, is called the center of buoyancy

D. Center of buoyancy is located above the
center of gravity of the displaced liquid

A

D. Center of buoyancy is located above the
center of gravity of the displaced liquid

33
Q

According to the principle of buoyancy a body totally or partially immersed in a fluid will be lifted up by a force equal to

A. the weight of the body
B. more than the weight of the body
C. less than the weight of the body
D. weight of the fluid displaced by the
body

A

D. weight of the fluid displaced by the
body

34
Q

How can relatively denser object be made to float on the less dense fluid?

A. By altering the shape
B. By altering the forces acting on the object
C. By altering the shear forces acting on the object
D. None of the mentioned

A

A. By altering the shape

35
Q

The conditions for the stable equilibrium of a floating body are

A. the metacenter should lie above the center of gravity
B. the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity must lie on the same vertical line
C. a righting couple should be formed
D. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

36
Q

Metacentric height is given as the distance between

A. the center of gravity of the body and
the meta center
B. the center of gravity of the body
and the center of buoyancy
C. the center of gravity of the body
and the center of pressure
D. center of buoyancy and meta

A

A. the center of gravity of the body and
the meta center

37
Q

Metacenter is the point of intersection of

A. vertical upward force through cg of body and center line of body
B. buoyant force and the center line of body
C. midpoint between e.g. and center of buoyancy
D. all of the above

A

B. buoyant force and the center line of body

38
Q

When a body floating in a liquid, is displaced slightly, it oscillates about
A. cg of body
B. center of pressure
C. center of buoyancy
D. metacenter

A

D. metacenter

39
Q

When the ship’s metacenter and center of gravity
coincide at same point then the vessel is said to be in
A. equilibrium
B. stable equilibrium
C. unstable equilibrium
D. neutral equilibrium

A

D. neutral equilibrium

40
Q

Energy gradient line takes into consideration
A. potential and kinetic heads only
B. potential and pressure heads only
C. kinetic and pressure heads only
D. potential, kinetic and pressure heads

A

D. potential, kinetic and pressure heads

41
Q

Hydraulic gradient line takes into consideration
A. potential and kinetic heads only
B. potential and pressure heads only
C. kinetic and pressure heads only
D. potential, kinetic and pressure heads

A

B. potential and pressure heads only

42
Q

Which of the following is true?
A. EGL always drops in the direction of flow
B. EGL always rises in the direction of flow
C. EGL always remains constant in the direction of flow
D. EGL may or may not change in the direction of flow

A

A. EGL always drops in the direction of flow

43
Q

Which of the following is true?
A. HGL will never be above EGL
B. HGL will never be under EGL
C. HGL will never coincide with EGL
D. HGL will may or may not be above EGL

A

A. HGL will never be above EGL

44
Q

The vertical intercept between EGL and HGL is equal to
A. pressure head
B. potential head
C. kinetic head
D. piezometric head

A

C. kinetic head

45
Q

The slope of HGL will be
A. greater than that of EGL for a pipe of uniform cross-section
B. smaller than that of EGL for a pipe of uniform cross-section
C. equal than that of EGL for a pipe of uniform cross-section
D. independent of that of EGL for a pipe of uniform cross-sectio

A

C. equal than that of EGL for a pipe of
uniform cross-section

46
Q

Equation of continuity is based on the principle of conservation of
A. mass
B. energy
C. momentum
D. none of the above

A

A. mass

47
Q

Bernoulli’s equation deals with the law of conservation of
A. mass
B. momentum
C. energy
D. work

A

C. energy

48
Q

All the terms of energy in Bernoulli’s equation have dimension of
A. energy
B. work
C. mass
D. length

A

D. length

49
Q

The losses of energy in pipes due to
A. Friction of surface
B. Sudden enlargement or contraction of area
C. Any obstruction in the path of flow
D. All of these

A

D. All of these

50
Q

The major loss of energy in long pipes is due to
A. sudden enlargement
B. sudden contraction
C. gradual contraction or enlargement
D. friction

A

D. friction

51
Q

Which one of the following is a major loss?
A. frictional loss
B. shock loss
C. entry loss
D. exit loss

A

A. frictional loss

52
Q

Minor losses occur due to
A. sudden enlargement in the pipe
B. sudden contraction in the pipe
C. bends in pipe
D. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

53
Q

Minor losses do not make any serious effect in
A. short pipes
B. long pipes
C. both the short as well as long pipes
D. cannot say

A

B. long pipes

54
Q

In series – pipe problems
A. the head loss is same through each pipe
B. the discharge is same through each pipe
C. a trial solution is not necessary
D. the discharge through each pipe is added to obtain total discharge

A

B. the discharge is same through each pipe

55
Q

Which of the following conditions is valid in the case of flow through parallel pipes?

A. The rate of discharge in the main line is not equal
to the sum of the discharges in each of the parallel pipes

B. The velocity of flow in the main line is equal to the
sum of the velocities in each of the parallel pipes

C. The loss of head in each parallel pipe is different

D. The rate of discharge in the main line is equal to
the sum of discharges in each of the parallel pipes

A

D. The rate of discharge in the main line is equal to
the sum of discharges in each of the parallel pipes

56
Q

Two pipe systems are said to be equivalent when

A. head loss and discharge are same in two systems
B. length of pipe and discharge are same in two systems
C. friction factor and length are same in two systems
D. length and diameter are same in two systems

A

A. head loss and discharge are same in two systems

57
Q

The ratio of absolute viscosity
to mass density is known as
A. specific viscosity
B. viscosity index
C. kinematic viscosity
D. coefficient of viscosity

A

C. kinematic viscosity

58
Q

The magnitude of water hammer effect in a pipe depends on
A. speed at which the valve is closed
B. length of the pipe
C. elastic properties of the pipe material
D. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

59
Q

The phenomenon of water hammer takes place in pipes
A. when water is suddenly accelerated by opening the valve
B. when fluid is moving with high head
C. when pressure is reduced to zero
D. when fluid is suddenly brought to rest by closing the valve

A

D. when fluid is suddenly brought to rest by closing the valve

60
Q

Water hammer pressure can be considerably reduced using
A. slow closing valves
B. rapid closing valves
C. both slow and rapid closing valves
D. none of the avalve

A

A. slow closing valves

61
Q

The ratio of inertia force and gravitational force is called as ______
A. Reynolds number
B. Stokes number
C. Froude’s number
D. Euler’s numbe

A

C. Froude’s number

62
Q

Which geometric parameter determines the
efficiency of the channel?
A. Hydraulic depth
B. Hydraulic radius
C. Section factor
D. Normal depth

A

B. Hydraulic radius

63
Q

For a channel to be economic which of the following parameters should be minimum?

A. Wetted perimeter
B. Wetted area
C. Section factor
D. Hydraulic depth

A

A. Wetted perimeter

64
Q

What is the depth of flow in case most economical circular section considering maximum velocity?

A. 0.61D
B. 0.71D
C. 0.81D
D. 0.91D

A

C. 0.81D

65
Q

Differential manometer is used to measure

A. Pressure in pipes, channels etc.
B. Atmospheric pressure
C. Very low pressure
D. Difference of pressure between two points

A

D. Difference of pressure between two points

66
Q

Non uniform flow occurs when
A. The direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical
B. The velocity of successive fluid particles, at any point, is the same at successive periods of time
C. Velocity, depth, pressure, etc. change from point to point in the fluid flow
D. The fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline patterns are identical in each plan

A

C. Velocity, depth, pressure, etc. change from point to point in the fluid flow

67
Q

When a tube of smaller diameter is dipped in water, the water rises in the tube with an upward__________
surface.
A. Concave
B. Convex
C. Plane
D. None of thes

A

A. Concave

68
Q

The tendency of a liquid surface to contract is due to the following property
A. Cohesion
B. Adhesion
C. Viscosity
D. Surface tension

A

D. Surface tension

69
Q

The pressure measured with the help of a pressure gauge is called
A. Atmospheric pressure
B. Gauge pressure
C. Absolute pressure
D. Mean pressure

A

B. Gauge pressure

70
Q

Capillary action is due to the
A. Surface tension
B. Cohesion of the liquid
C. Adhesion of the liquid molecules and the molecules on the surface of a solid
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

71
Q

The intensity of pressure on an immersed surface __________ with the increase in depth
A. Does not change
B. Increases
C. Decreases
D. None of these

A

B. Increases

72
Q

Free surface of a liquid behaves like a sheet and tends to contract to smallest possible area due to the
A. Force of adhesion
B. Force of cohesion
C. Force of friction
D. Force of diffusion

A

B. Force of cohesion

73
Q

The hydraulic gradient line lies over the centre line of the pipe by an amount equal to the
A. Pressure head
B. Velocity head
C. Pressure head + velocity head
D. Pressure head - velocity head

A

A. Pressure head

HGE ✨ (2 decks)

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