Hydraulics 1

Question 1

Unit Weight / Specific Weight

Answer 1

γ=Weight/Volume (N/m^3)

Question 2

Unit weight of water

Answer 2

9810 N/m^3

Question 3

Unit Mass of Water

Answer 3

1000 kg/m^3

Question 4

Unit Mass / Mass Density

Answer 4

ρ =Mass/Volume (kg/m^3)

Question 5

Specific Gravity/Relative Density

Answer 5

sg=ρ/ρwater or γ/γwater

Question 6

γ of air

Answer 6

12 N/m^3

Question 7

SG of freshwater

Answer 7

1

Question 8

SG of seawater

Answer 8

1.03

Question 9

SG of oil

Answer 9

.80

Question 10

SG of marcury

Answer 10

13.6

Question 11

Height due to capillary action

Answer 11

h=4σcos(θ)/γD

Question 12

Unit Pressure

Answer 12

p=γh

Question 13

Converting pressure heads

Answer 13

hb=(sga/sgb)ha

Question 14

Ideal Gas Law and Rule

Answer 14

p=γRT or ρRT

p should be p abs = pgage+patm
T should be in kelvin

Question 15

R (gas constant) for ρ

Answer 15

287.4 N-m/kg-K

Question 16

R (gas constant )for γ

Answer 16

29.3 m/K

Question 17

Bouyancy

Answer 17

Weight of Submerged = Bouyant Force
BF=γfluid*Volume displaced

Question 18

Formula for finding height submerged for different liquid

Answer 18

sg1D1=sg2D2

Question 19

Formula for finding weight of object submerged

Answer 19

Weight, liquid = Weight, air - Bouyant Force

Question 20

Where is the toe located in Dams

Answer 20

Always on Downstream

Question 21

Factor of Safety against Overturning

Answer 21

FO = RM/OM

Question 22

Factor of Safety against Sliding

Answer 22

FS = μRy/Rx

Question 23

Location of Ry in Dams

Answer 23

x̄ = (RM-OM)/Ry

Question 24

Formula for e in dams

Answer 24

e= (B/2)-x̄

Question 25

Formula of qmax and qmin in Dams

Answer 25

If eB/6 qmax=2Ry/X qmin=0

Question 26

Circumferential stress in Pipes and Tanks

Answer 26

σt = pD/2t(eff)

Question 27

Tensile Force in one hoop

Answer 27

σt*Area of hoop

Question 28

Spacing of Hoops

Answer 28

2T/pD

Question 28

Angle for horizontal motion vessel

Answer 28

tanθ= a/g

Question 29

Angle for inclined motion vessel

Answer 29

tanθ= a(horizontal) / (g+a(vertical))

Question 30

Volume spill in moving vessel

Answer 30

Vair after - V air before

Question 31

Pressure at the bottom for Vertical Motion

Answer 31

P = γh (1+ a/g)

Question 32

Flow Rate

Answer 32

Q=AV

Question 33

Volume Flow rate

Answer 33

Q

Question 34

Weight Flow Rate

Answer 34

γQ (N/s)

Question 35

Mass Flow Rate

Answer 35

ρQ (kg/s)

Question 36

Power

Answer 36

P=QγH

Question 37

Unit of Power

Answer 37

Watt (N-m/s)

Question 38

watt to Hp

Answer 38

1hp = 746 Watt