Hybridisation Flashcards
What is the shape around an sp3 hybridised carbon?
Tetrahedral (109.5 degrees).
What is the shape around an sp2 hybridised carbon?
Trigonal (120 degrees).
What is the shape around an sp hybridised carbon?
Linear (180 degrees).
Advantages of hybridisation.
Simplifies bonding scheme.
More directional HAOs that point in the necessary directions.
More useful for drawing mechanisms.
Disadvantages of hybridisation?
Need to know the shape of the molecule before hybridisation can be determined.
Does not give the full picture of the different energy levels in the molecule.
Encourages a localised view of electrons, which is less accurate.
Why is the bond angle in water only 104 degrees?
The HAOs on oxygen have more p character, so the bond angle is closer to 90 degrees.
When can d orbitals be used in HAOs?
When they are sufficiently low in energy to be involved in bonding.
When forming the HAOs in a planar molecule, what is the requirement?
No AOs in which the x and y axes both lie in nodal planes can be used, since there wold be no net interaction between the HAOs and the ligand orbitals.
What hybridisations can be used to form a square planar molecule? Which p and d orbitals can be used?
sp2d and p2d2.
px and py.
dx^2-y^2 and dz^2.
Which hybridisations can form a trigonal bipyramidal molecule?
sp3d and spd3
Which hybridisations can form an octahedral molecule?
sp3d2
