HY1 Flashcards by mk s

What is the oxygen saturation level for life-threatening asthma?

< 92%

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How is moderate asthma characterized in terms of speech?

Speech is normal

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What is the adrenaline dose for anaphylaxis in children aged 6 months to 6 years?

150 mcg (0.15ml 1 in 1,000)

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What can worsen glycaemic control in diabetes?

Thiazides

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What type of anaemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency?

Macrocytic (megaloblastic)

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What type of anaemia is associated with beta-thalassaemia?

Microcytic

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What type of anaemia is associated with iron-deficiency?

Microcytic

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When should a urine culture be done to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in antenatal care?

8 - 12 weeks (ideally < 10 weeks)

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What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?

Oral or topical metronidazole or topical clindamycin

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What is the recommended antibiotic for an animal or human bite?

Co-amoxiclav

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What is the treatment for non-typhoid Salmonella?

Ciprofloxacin

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What is the initial empirical therapy for meningitis in children aged < 3 months?

Intravenous cefotaxime + amoxicillin

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What is the treatment for syphilis?

Benzylpenicillin

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What is the treatment for chlamydia?

Doxycycline or azithromycin

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What is the treatment for acute sinusitis?

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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What is the initial empirical therapy for meningitis in individuals aged 3 months - 50 years?

Intravenous cefotaxime

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What is the treatment for erysipelas?

Flucloxacillin

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What is the treatment for the first episode of Clostridium difficile infection?

Vancomycin

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What antibody is associated with coeliac disease?

Anti-endomyseal antibody

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What antibody is associated with SLE?

ANA

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What antibody is associated with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis?

ANA

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What antibody is associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody

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What is the antiplatelet strategy for peripheral arterial disease with no drug allergies?

Clopidogrel (lifelong), no other antiplatelets

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What is the antiplatelet strategy for percutaneous coronary intervention with no drug allergies?

Aspirin (lifelong) & prasugral or ticagrelor (12 months), no other antiplatelets

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What is the antiplatelet strategy for ischaemic stroke if clopidogrel cannot be taken?

Aspirin (lifelong) & dipyridamole (lifelong), no other antiplatelets

What is the antiplatelet strategy for medically managed acute coronary syndrome with no drug allergies?

Aspirin (lifelong) & ticagrelor (12 months), no other antiplatelets

What is the anticoagulation strategy for atrial fibrillation with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1 (female)?

No anticoagulation

What are the features of transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?

Pulmonary oedema, hypertension

What are the lab values for osteomalacia?

Low serum calcium, low serum phosphate, raised ALP and raised PTH

What are the lab values for chronic kidney disease leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Low serum calcium, raised serum phosphate, raised ALP and raised PTH

Is trimethoprim considered safe to use during breastfeeding?

Yes

Are beta-blockers considered safe to use during breastfeeding?

Yes

Should benzodiazepines be avoided during breastfeeding?

Yes

What cancer can Helicobacter pylori cause?

Gastric carcinoma

What condition can cause massive splenomegaly?

Chronic myeloid leukaemia

What should be done if two consecutive cervical cancer screening samples are inadequate?

Refer for colposcopy

What is the mechanism of action of ulipristal as an emergency contraceptive?

Inhibits ovulation

How long does it take for Nexplanon (implantable contraceptive) to become effective?

7 days

What is the next step for COPD not controlled with SABA/SAMA, no asthmatic/steroid responsive features?

Add a LABA + LAMA

What adverse effect can corticosteroids cause?

Osteoporosis

What adverse effect can ACE inhibitors cause?

Hyperkalaemia

What adverse effect can amlodipine cause?

Ankle swelling

What adverse effect can the combined oral contraceptive pill cause?

Increased risk of ischaemic stroke

What is the contraindication for sildenafil?

Recent myocardial infarction or concurrent nitrate therapy

What should be monitored when taking amiodarone?

TFT, LFT

What is the DVLA Group 1 rule for a first seizure?

Cannot drive for 6 months

What coronary territory is affected by ischaemic changes in leads II, III, aVF?

Right coronary

What electrolyte disturbance can thiazides cause?

Hyponatraemia

What is the first-line medication for absence seizures in a male patient?

Ethosuximide

What is a key feature of aortic stenosis?

Narrow pulse pressure

What is a key feature of subacute thyroiditis?

Goitre

What is a key feature of cystic fibrosis?

Malabsorption

What is a key feature of primary sclerosing cholangitis?

Association with ulcerative colitis

What is a key feature of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection?

Erythema multiforme

What is a key feature of Henoch-Schonlein purpura?

Association with IgA nephropathy

What is the definition of stage 1 hypertension (clinic reading)?

140/90 mmHg

What is the next step for a newly diagnosed patient with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Add an ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker

What is the causative organism for croup?

Parainfluenza viruses

What is the investigation of choice for renal colic?

Non-contrast CT scan

What is the treatment of choice for Ramsay Hunt syndrome?

Prednisolone + aciclovir

What is the treatment of choice for seborrhoeic dermatitis (face and body)?

Topical ketoconazole

What is the treatment of choice for acne vulgaris (severe)?

Oral isotretinoin

What is the treatment of choice for trichomonas vaginalis?

Metronidazole

What is the treatment of choice for polycythaemia rubra vera?

Venesection

What is the treatment of choice for trigeminal neuralgia?

Carbamazepine

What is the treatment of choice for migraine prophylaxis (not a woman of childbearing age)?

Topiramate or propranolol

What is the treatment of choice for generalised anxiety disorder?

Sertraline

What is the treatment of choice for acute migraine?

Triptan + NSAID or triptan + paracetamol

What is the tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Alpha-feto protein

What is the next step for T2DM with inadequate control on metformin and at risk from hypoglycaemia?

Add a DPP-4 inhibitor or a thiazolidinedione

What type of vaccine is the intranasal influenza vaccine?

Live attenuated

What is the treatment for a major warfarin overdose with bleeding?

Stop warfarin, give intravenous vitamin K 5mg, prothrombin complex concentrate