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AIM - Nutrition > HY Review > Flashcards

HY Review Flashcards

1
Q

DASH diet, Mediterranean diets emphasize what patterns?

A

low meat
low sugar
low saturated FAs

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2
Q

as you age, BEE decreases by ___% per year

A

1-2% per year

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3
Q

__% BEE
__% TEE (digestion)
__% NEAT (fidgeting, etc)

A

60% BEE
10% TEE (digestion)
30% NEAT (fidgeting, etc)

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4
Q

fiber decreases the risk of

A

heart disease

T2DM

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5
Q

vitamin A precursor

A

carotenoids

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6
Q

UL of carotenoids

A

orange skin

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7
Q

vitamin D function

A

calcium
bone health

sunshine vitamin

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8
Q

vitamin E function

A

antioxidant

antEoxidant

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9
Q

vitamin K function

A

coagulation (Koagulation)

+ bone health

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10
Q

UL for vit K

A

none

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11
Q

vit C deficiency leads to

A

scurvy

petechiae, poor wound healing, bleeding gums, coiled hair, hyperkeratosis

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12
Q

thiamin deficiency

A

Beriberi (peripheral neuropathy, edema, tachycardia)

Wernicke-Korsakoff (progressive CNS disorder)

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13
Q

at risk for thiamin deficiency

A 
alcohol abuse
poor dietary intake
persistent vomiting
bariatric surgery
refeeding syndrome
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14
Q

niacin deficiency

A

Pellagra

  • dermatitis
  • diarrhea
  • dementia
  • death
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15
Q

folate deficiency

A
  • macrocytic anemia

- neural tube defects

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16
Q

vitamin B12 deficiency

A

neuro:
- ataxia, impaired memory, mood changes

glossitis

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17
Q

at risk for vit B12 deficiency

A

vegans (mainly in animal sources)

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18
Q

vitamin B6 deficiency

A
  • weakness/fatigue
  • confusion
  • glossitis
  • peripheral neuropathy
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19
Q

vit B6 UL

A

neuropathy

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20
Q

at risk for vit B6 deficiency

A

poor intake
alcohol abuse
meds (corticosteroids)

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21
Q

what impairs iron (non heme iron) absorption?

A 
polyphenols
oxalic acid
phytates (veg, fruit, grains)
calcium
zinc

vit C helps absorption

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22
Q

vit C deficiency

A
  • hyperkeratosis
  • perifollicular petechiae
  • corkscrew hair
23
Q

iron deficiency

A
  • pale conjunctiva
  • atrophic glossitis
  • angular chelitis
  • spoon nails
24
Q

what impairs zinc absorption>

A

phytates

25
Q

zinc deficiency

A

rashes around mouth/orifices

impaired wound healing

26
Q

copper deficiency

A

mimics B12 deficiency

27
Q

at risk for copper deficiency

A

gastric bypass surgery
celiac
zinc supplements

28
Q

hormones increased in obesity

A

insulin
leptin
glucagon
GIP

29
Q

hormones decreased in obesity

A

ghrelin
GLP-1
adiponectin
peptide YY

30
Q

__% of US adults are obese

A

30%

31
Q

obesity intervention: aim for __ lb loss per week

A

1-2 lb/wk

32
Q

______________ is the key to achieving weight loss goals

A

self monitoring

33
Q

the WHO recommends limiting sugar intake to __g per day

A

25 g/day

34
Q

Liraglutide mechanism, side effects

A

GLP-1 agonist

pancreatitis
N/V
hypoglycemia
[NOT HTN]

35
Q

why use liraglutide

A
  • no HTN side effects

- greatest 1 year wt loss

36
Q

diets vs meds vs surgery: which has the biggest wt loss results?

A

surgery

37
Q

Which 2 diets are safer for diabetes?

A

DASH

Mediterranean

38
Q

worry for intermittent fasting for diabetics

A

hypoglycemia

39
Q

intake of ____ fats should be avoided

A

TRANS fats should be avoided

maybe decrease saturated fats, but do not replace with carbs

40
Q

marasmus

A

wasting, diminished subQ fat, growth failure

41
Q

kwashiorkor

A

EDEMA, fatty infiltration of liver, late wasting, growth failure, dermatitis

42
Q

cachexia

A
  • inflammation induced
  • loss of lean mass
  • unintentional edema-free wt loss
  • anorexia

ESRD, Cancer, HIV

43
Q

sarcopenia

A
  • AGE associated
  • loss of skeletal muscle
  • frailty, falls, loss of function, morbidity
44
Q

where to look on a visual assessment of nutrient deficiency

A

temporal wasting

shoulder prominence

45
Q

starvation

A

Increased:
-glucagon

Decreased:
-insulin

Protein CONSERVED

46
Q

stress

A

Increased

  • cortisol
  • insulin
  • inflammatory response

Protein CONSUMED

47
Q

avoid refeeding syndrome by

A
  • give nutrition slowly
  • repleting thiamin before feeding

also phosphate, K+, Mg+

48
Q

when giving enteral/parenteral nutrition, monitor:

A

thiamin
Phosphate
K+
Mg+

49
Q

special considerations for preterm infants

A

-need milk fortifiers bc preterm milk is not ready yet

liquid protein
MCT
polycal
duocal

50
Q

IgE food allergy usually against _____

A

protein

exception: galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose

51
Q

to decrease risk of food allergy, introduce foods (early/late?)

A

Early

52
Q

protein needs if CKD

A

low protein

.6-.8 g/kg

53
Q

nutrition for dialysis

A

High:
-protein

Low:

  • phosphorus
  • K+
  • Na+
  • fluid
54
Q

increased calorie needs during pregnancy? lactation?

A

Pregnancy: +300 kcal/day
(2nd & 3rd trimesters)

Lactation: +300-400 kcal/day

AIM - Nutrition (3 decks)

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