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AIM - Nutrition > HY Review > Flashcards

HY Review Flashcards

1
Q

DASH diet, Mediterranean diets emphasize what patterns?

A

low meat
low sugar
low saturated FAs

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2
Q

as you age, BEE decreases by ___% per year

A

1-2% per year

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3
Q

__% BEE
__% TEE (digestion)
__% NEAT (fidgeting, etc)

A

60% BEE
10% TEE (digestion)
30% NEAT (fidgeting, etc)

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4
Q

fiber decreases the risk of

A

heart disease

T2DM

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5
Q

vitamin A precursor

A

carotenoids

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6
Q

UL of carotenoids

A

orange skin

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7
Q

vitamin D function

A

calcium
bone health

sunshine vitamin

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8
Q

vitamin E function

A

antioxidant

antEoxidant

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9
Q

vitamin K function

A

coagulation (Koagulation)

+ bone health

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10
Q

UL for vit K

A

none

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11
Q

vit C deficiency leads to

A

scurvy

petechiae, poor wound healing, bleeding gums, coiled hair, hyperkeratosis

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12
Q

thiamin deficiency

A

Beriberi (peripheral neuropathy, edema, tachycardia)

Wernicke-Korsakoff (progressive CNS disorder)

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13
Q

at risk for thiamin deficiency

A 
alcohol abuse
poor dietary intake
persistent vomiting
bariatric surgery
refeeding syndrome
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14
Q

niacin deficiency

A

Pellagra

  • dermatitis
  • diarrhea
  • dementia
  • death
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15
Q

folate deficiency

A
  • macrocytic anemia

- neural tube defects

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16
Q

vitamin B12 deficiency

A

neuro:
- ataxia, impaired memory, mood changes

glossitis

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17
Q

at risk for vit B12 deficiency

A

vegans (mainly in animal sources)

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18
Q

vitamin B6 deficiency

A
  • weakness/fatigue
  • confusion
  • glossitis
  • peripheral neuropathy
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19
Q

vit B6 UL

A

neuropathy

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20
Q

at risk for vit B6 deficiency

A

poor intake
alcohol abuse
meds (corticosteroids)

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21
Q

what impairs iron (non heme iron) absorption?

A 
polyphenols
oxalic acid
phytates (veg, fruit, grains)
calcium
zinc

vit C helps absorption

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22
Q

vit C deficiency

A
  • hyperkeratosis
  • perifollicular petechiae
  • corkscrew hair
23
Q

iron deficiency

A
  • pale conjunctiva
  • atrophic glossitis
  • angular chelitis
  • spoon nails
24
Q

what impairs zinc absorption>

25
zinc deficiency
rashes around mouth/orifices impaired wound healing
26
copper deficiency
mimics B12 deficiency
27
at risk for copper deficiency
**gastric bypass surgery** celiac zinc supplements
28
hormones increased in obesity
insulin leptin glucagon GIP
29
hormones decreased in obesity
ghrelin GLP-1 adiponectin peptide YY
30
__% of US adults are obese
30%
31
obesity intervention: aim for __ lb loss per week
1-2 lb/wk
32
______________ is the key to achieving weight loss goals
self monitoring
33
the WHO recommends limiting sugar intake to __g per day
25 g/day
34
Liraglutide mechanism, side effects
GLP-1 agonist pancreatitis N/V hypoglycemia ***[NOT HTN]***
35
why use liraglutide
- no HTN side effects | - greatest 1 year wt loss
36
diets vs meds vs surgery: which has the biggest wt loss results?
surgery
37
Which 2 diets are safer for diabetes?
DASH | Mediterranean
38
worry for intermittent fasting for diabetics
hypoglycemia
39
intake of ____ fats should be avoided
TRANS fats should be avoided maybe decrease saturated fats, but do not replace with carbs
40
marasmus
wasting, diminished subQ fat, growth failure
41
kwashiorkor
EDEMA, fatty infiltration of liver, late wasting, growth failure, dermatitis
42
cachexia
- inflammation induced - loss of lean mass - unintentional edema-free wt loss - anorexia ESRD, Cancer, HIV
43
sarcopenia
- AGE associated - loss of skeletal muscle - frailty, falls, loss of function, morbidity
44
where to look on a visual assessment of nutrient deficiency
temporal wasting | shoulder prominence
45
starvation
Increased: -glucagon Decreased: -insulin Protein CONSERVED
46
stress
Increased - cortisol - insulin - inflammatory response Protein CONSUMED
47
avoid refeeding syndrome by
- give nutrition slowly - repleting thiamin before feeding also phosphate, K+, Mg+
48
when giving enteral/parenteral nutrition, monitor:
thiamin Phosphate K+ Mg+
49
special considerations for preterm infants
-need milk fortifiers bc preterm milk is not ready yet liquid protein MCT polycal duocal
50
IgE food allergy usually against _____
protein exception: galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose
51
to decrease risk of food allergy, introduce foods (early/late?)
Early
52
protein needs if CKD
low protein | .6-.8 g/kg
53
nutrition for dialysis
High: -protein Low: - phosphorus - K+ - Na+ - fluid
54
increased calorie needs during pregnancy? lactation?
Pregnancy: +300 kcal/day (2nd & 3rd trimesters) Lactation: +300-400 kcal/day

AIM - Nutrition (3 decks)

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